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ORDINANCE NO. 2033
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
ARCADIA, CALIFORNIA, RENUMBERING SECTIONS 8901
THROUGH 8908 OF THE ARCADIA MUNICIPAL CODE
REGARDING UNREINFORCED MASONRY BEARING WALL
BUILDINGS AND ADDING SECTIONS 8920 THROUGH 8929.1
ESTABLISHING EARTHQUAKE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR
TILT-UP CONCRETE WALL BUILDINGS CONSTRUCTED PRIOR
TO JANUARY 1, 1976.
WHEREAS, text arnendrnent 94-006 was initiated by the City to require
retrofitting of tilt-up concrete wall buildings constructed prior to January 1, 1976; and
WHEREAS, on August 1, 1994, the City Council conducted a public hearing at
which time all interested persons were given full opportunity to be heard and to
present evidence concerning the text arnendrnent; and
WHEREAS, after considering all evidence presented, the City Council
approved said text arnendrnent; and
WHEREAS, the City Council determines that the purpose of the regulations
is to prornote public safety and welfare by setting forth a minimum standard for
structural seismic resistance which will reduce the risk of death or injury that could
result frorn the effects of earthquakes on tilt-up concrete wall buildings designed
under the building codes in effect prior to January 1, 1976, and
WHEREAS, approxirnately 70 buildings in the City were identified as tilt-up
concrete wall buildings and
WHEREAS, in order to adequately inform all building owners of the new
regulations, the Cornmunity Developrnent Division invited all owners to a meeting
held on November 30, 1994, in the City Hall Council Chambers, at which time the
proposed ordinance was introduced and explained to the public, and questions were
answered regarding the proposed regulations; and
NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF ARCADIA DOES
HEREBY ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. That Chapter 9 of the Arcadia Municipal Code, "Earthquake Hazard
Reduction in Existing Buildings" is hereby divided into two parts: Part 1
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"Unrein forced Masonry Bearing Wall Buildings" and Part 2 "Tilt-up Concrete Wall
Buildings".
Section 2. That Sections 8901, 8902, 8903, 8904, 8905, 8906, 8907, 8908 of Chapter
9, "Earthquake Hazard Reduction in Existing Buildings", Article VIII Building
Regulations are hereby renumbered as follows 8910, 8911, 8912, 8913,8914,8915,8916
and 8917.
Section 3. That Part 2, "Tilt-up Concrete Wall Buildings" shall be added to
Chapter 9 of the Arcadia Municipal Code to read as follows:
PART 2.
TILT-UP CONCRETE WALL BUILDINGS
8920. PURPOSE.
The purpose of this part is to promote public safety and welfare by reducing
the risk the death or injury that rnay result frorn the effects of earthquakes on tilt-up
concrete wall buildings designed under the building codes in effect prior to January
1, 1976. Such buildings have been categorized based on past earthquakes, as being
potentially hazardous and prone to significant damage, including possible collapse,
in a rnoderate to major earthquake.
The provisions of this part are mlmmum standards for structural seismic
resistance established prirnarily to reduce the risk of loss of life or injury on both
subject and adjacent properties and will not necessarily prevent loss of life or injury
or prevent earthquake damage to an existing building which cornplies with these
standards. The requirement for compliance with these standards does not preclude
the utilization, at the building owner's option, of more extensive strengthening
method that might further prevent or limit loss of life or injury or building damage.
This part shall not require existing electrical, plurnbing, mechanical or fire safety
systems to be altered unless they constitute a hazard to life or property.
This part provides systematic procedures and standards for identification and
classification of tilt-up concrete wall buildings based on the current use of the
buildings. Priorities, time periods and standards are also established under which
these buildings are required to be structurally analyzed and strengthened for seismic
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resistance. Where the analysis determines structural deficiencies, this part requires
the buildings to be strengthened or dernolished.
8921. SCOPE.
The provisions of this part shall apply to all buildings designed or built under
building codes in effect prior to January 1, 1976, which, on the effective date of this
part have tilt-up concrete walls as defined herein.
Buildings within the scope of this part rnay not be added to or structurally
altered or remodeled without first complying with the provisions of this part unless
the Building Official determines that the alteration is rninor in nature.
Seismic strengthening in place prior to the effect date of this ordinance shall
be evaluated according to the provisions of this part and rnodified to comply if
deficient.
8922. DEFINITIONS.
For purposes of this section, the applicable definitions in Sections 2302, 2331,
2502 and 2602 of the 1991 Edition of the Uniform Building Code (UBe) shall also
apply.
8922.1. BOARD. Board shall refer to the Arcadia Building Code Appeals
Board.
8922.2. COMMENCED CONSTRUCTION. Construction pursuant to a valid
building perrnit has progressed to the point that one of the called inspections as
required by the department has been made and the work for which the inspection
has been called has been judged by the department to be substantial and has been
approved by the department.
8922.3. DIVISION/DEPARTMENT. The Development Services Department.
8922.4. ESSENTIAL BUILDING. For purposes of this part, any building
housing a hospital or other medical facility having surgery or emergency treatment
areas, fire or police stations, municipal government disaster operations and
communication centers.
8922.5. TILT-UP CONCRETE WALL. A form of precast concrete panel
construction either cast in the horizontal position at the site and after curing, lifted
and moved into place in a vertical position, or cast off-site in a fabricator's shop.
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8922.6. UNIFORM BUILDING CODE. The Uniforrn Building Code shall
hereby be referred to as the UBC
8923. RATING CLASSIFICA TrONS. The rating classifications as exhibited in
Table No. 89-H are hereby established and each building within the scope of this part
shall be placed in one such rating classification by the departrnent. The total
occupant load as determined by UBC Section 3302(a) of this code for the entire
building plus the occupant load of any adjacent building which interconnects with
the subject building or uses the subject building for exiting purposes shall be used to
determine the rating classification.
8924. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
The owner of each building within the scope of this part shall cause an
investigation of the existing construction and a structural analysis to be made of the
building by a civil or structural engineer or architect licensed by the State of
California, and if the building does not meet the rninirnurn standards specified in
this part, the owner shall cause it to be structurally altered to conforrn to such
standards or cause the building to be dernolished.
The owner of the building within the scope of this part shall comply with the
requirements set forth above by submitting to the department for review within 275
days after the service of the order the following:
(a) A structural analysis, subject to approval by the departrnent within the 275
day time period, which demonstrates that the building rneets the minimum
requirement of this part; or
(b) A structural analysis and plans for the proposed structural alterations of
the building necessary to comply with the minirnum requirements of this part; or
(c) Plans for the demolition of the building.
After plans are submitted and approved by the department, the owner shall
obtain a building permit, commence and complete the required construction or
demolition within the time limits set forth in Table 89-1. These time limits shall
begin to run from the date the order is served in accordance with Section 8925.1 and
8925.2 of this part. Vacating a building shall not be deemed as complying with the
requirements of this part.
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8925. ADMINISTRATION
8925.1. Service of Order. When the department determines that a building is
within the scope of this part, the owner shall comply with Section 8924 of this code.
If the owner does not cornply, the department shall issue an order as provided in
Section 8925.2 to the owner of each building with the minimum time periods for
service of such orders set forth in Table No. 89-J. The rninimum tirne period for the
service of such orders shall be rneasured frorn the effective date of this part.
8925.2. Contents of Order. The order shall be in writing and rnay be given
either by personal delivery thereof to the owner or by deposit in the United States
mail in a sealed envelope, postage prepaid, addressed to the owner as shown on the
last equalized assessment roll. Service by mail shall be deemed to have been
cornpleted at the tirne of deposit in the post office. The failure of any owner to
receive such notice shall not affect in any manner the validity of any of the
proceedings taking thereunder. Proof of giving any notice rnay be made by an
affidavit of any employee of the City which shows such service in conformity with
this Section. Department administrative action, other correspondence between the
City and the building owner or building owner's representative, or other evidence
of knowledge of notification shall also be deemed as proof of giving notice.
The order shall specify that the building has been deterrnined by the
department to be within the scope of this part, and therefore, is required to meet the
minimum seismic standards of this part. The order shall specify the rating
classification of the building and shall be accompanied by a copy of Section 8924
which sets forth the owner's alternatives and time limits for compliance.
8925.3. Appeal from Order. The owner of the building may appeal the
department's determination that the building is within the scope of this part to the
Arcadia Building Code Appeals Board. Such appeal shall be filed with the building
official within 30 days of the service date of the order described in Section 8925.2.
Such appeal shall be made in writing setting forth clearly and concisely the reasons
for appeal. Each appeal shall be accompanied by a filing fee as set forth by resolution
of the City Council.
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8925.4. Recordation. At the tirne that the departrnent serves the
aforementioned order, the department shall file with the office of the County
Recorder a certificate stating that the subject building is within the scope of Part 2 -
"Earthquake Hazard Reduction in Existing Tilt-up Concrete Wall buildings" of the
Arcadia Municipal Code. The certificate shall also state that the owner thereof has
been ordered to structurally analyze the building and to structurally alter or
dernolish it when the department deterrnines the building is not in compliance
with Part 2 of this code.
If the building is either dernolished, found not to be within the scope of this
part or is structurally capable of resisting minimum seismic forces required by this
part as a result of structural alterations or an analysis, the department shall file with
the office of the County Recorder a Certificate terminating the status of the subject
building as being classified within the scope of Part 2 "Earthquake Hazard Reduction
in Existing Tilt-up Concrete Wall Buildings" of the Arcadia Municipal Code.
8925.5. Enforcement. If the owner of the subject building fails to comply with
any order issued by the department pursuant to this part within any of the time
lirnits set forth in Section 8924, or within any additional time lirnits as may have
been granted by the Board, the departrnent ,may order that the building be vacated
and subsequently ordered to be demolished in accordance with the provisions of
8924 of this code. The Building Official shall have the authority to grant two one-
year extensions in cases of extrerne hardship.
8926. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN.
8926.1. Wall panel anchorage. Concrete walls shall be anchored to all floors
and roofs which provide lateral support for the wall. The anchorage shall provide a
positive direct connection between the wall and floor or roof construction capable of
resisting a horizontal force equal to 30% of the tributary wall weight for all buildings
and 450;', of the tributary wall weight for essential buildings, or a minimum force of
200 pounds per linear foot of wall, whichever is greater. The required anchorage
shall be based on the tributary wall panel assurning simple supports between floor
and roof or between floor and floor.
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EXCEPTION. Alternative design may be approved by the Building Official
when justified by well established principles of mechanics.
8926.2. Special requirernents for anchors. Wall anchors shall be provided to
resist out-of-plane forces, independent of existing shear anchors. The wall anchor
systerns shall be capable of developing yield in the body of the anchor or the systern
without inducing brittle failure to the concrete to which the anchors are attached.
EXCEPTION. Existing cast-in-place shear anchors may be used as wall
anchors if the tie element can be readily attached to the anchors and if the
engineer or architect can establish tension values for the existing anchors
through the use of approved as-built plans or testing, and through analysis
showing that the bolts are capable of resisting the total shear load while being
acted upon by the rnaximum tension force due to earthquake. Criteria for
analysis and testing shall be determined by the Building Official.
Expansion anchors are not allowed without special approval of the Building
Official. Attaching the edge of plywood sheathing to steel ledgers is not considered
as complying with the positive anchoring requirements of this code, and attaching
the edge of steel decks to steel edges is not considered as providing the positive
anchorage of this code unless testing and/or analysis are performed which establish
shear values for the attachment perpendicular to the edge of the deck.
8926.3. Development of anchor loads into the diaphragm. Development of
anchor loads into roof and floor diaphragms shall cornply with Section 2337(b)9.e. of
the DBe.
In wood diaphragms, anchorage shall not be accomplished by use of toe nails
or nails subject to withdraw, nor shall wood ledgers, top plates or framing be used in
cross-grain bending or cross-grain tension. The continuous ties required by Section
2337(b) 9.e. of the DBC shall be in addition to the diaphragm sheathing.
Lengths of development of anchor loads in wood diaphragms shall be based
on existing field nailing of the sheathing unless existing edge nailing is positively
identified on the original construction plans or at the site.
At reentrant corners, continuity collectors may be required for existing return
walls not designed as shear walls, to develop into the diaphragm a force equal to the
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lesser of the rocking or shear capacity of the diaphragrn. Shear anchors for the
return wall shall be cornmensurate with the collector force. If a truss or beam other
than rafters or purlins is supported by the return wall, an independent secondary
colurnn is required to support the roof or floor mernbers whenever rocking or shear
capacity of the return wall is governing.
8926.4. Cirder anchorage at support. In addition to the anchorage required
per Section 8926.1. girder to pilaster connections shall be verified for the tributary
wall anchoring load per Section 8926.1 of this code, considering the wall as a two-day
slab. Adequacy of existing lateral confinernent of vertical girder anchor at the top of
the pilasters shall be verified per section 2607(k) 3.D. of the DBe. If the confinernent
is inadequate, additional exterior confinement shall be provided. A continuous
load path frorn the pilaster, through the girder and to the diaphragm shall be
verified.
EXCEPTION. The requirernent for additional confinement and/or
adequate strength of existing girder anchor bolts at the top of the pilaster may
be waived if the girder is anchored directly to the walls immediately adjacent
to the pilaster, or to the pilaster, for the total lateral force such that the
existing girder anchor bolts are by-passed without causing shear failure at the
top of the pilaster.
8926.5. Crack and damage repairs, evaluation of existing structural
alterations.
The engineer shall report any observed structural conditions and structural
damage that have imminent life safety effects on the buildings and recommend
repairs. Evaluations and repairs shall be reviewed and approved by the department.
The engineer shall also evaluate the effects of alterations such as openings cut
m existing wall panels without a permit, that may present immediate life safety
hazard and correct when necessary.
8926.6. Miscellaneous.
Existing mezzanines relying on the tilt-up walls for vertical and/or lateral
support shall be anchored to the walls for the tributary mezzanine load. Walls
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depending on the mezzanine for lateral support shall be anchored per Section
8926.1, 8926.2 and 8926.3.
EXCEPTION. Existing rnezzanines that have independent lateral and
vertical support need not be anchored to the walls.
Existing interior masonry or concrete walls not designed as shear walls, that
extend to the floor above or to the roof diaphragm shall also be anchored for out-of-
plane forces per Section 8926.1, 8926.2 and 8926.3 of this code. In the in-plane
direction, the walls rnay be isolated or shall be developed into the diaphragrn for a
lateral force equal to the lesser of the rocking or shear capacity of the wall, or the
tributary shear but not exceeding the diaphragm capacity.
8927. MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION.
All rnaterials permitted by this code, induding their appropriate allowable
stresses and those existing configurations of material specified in Part 1 of this code,
may be utilized to meet the requirements of this part.
8928. INFORM A TION REQUIRED ON PLANS.
8928.1. General. In addition to the seisrnic analysis required elsewhere in this
part, the licensed engineer or architect responsible for the seismic analysis of the
building shall record the inforrnation required by this section on the approved
plans.
8928.2. Information Required. The plans shall accurately reflect the results of
the engineering investigation and design and show all pertinent dimensions and
sizes for plan review and construction. The following shall be provided:
(a) Floor plans and roof plans shall show existing frarning construction,
diaphragm construction, proposed wall anchors, cross-ties and collectors. Existing
nailing, anchors, ties and collectors shall also be shown on the plans if these are part
of the design, and these structural elernents need to be verified in the field.
(b) At elevations where there are alterations or damage, details shall show
roof and floor heights, dimensions of openings, location and extent of existing
damage, and proposed repair.
(c) Typical wall panel sections with panel thickness, height, location of
anchors shall be provided.
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(d) Details shall include existing and new anchors and the rnethod of
developrnent of anchor forces into the diaphragm framing; existing and/or new
cross-ties; existing and/or new or improved support of roof and floor girders at
pilasters or walls.
8928.3. Engineer's or Architect's Statement. The responsible engmeer or
architect shall state on the approved plans, the following:
(a) I am responsible for this building's seismic strengthening design in
cornpliance with the rninimurn seisrnic resistance standards of Part 2 of this
Chapter.
(b) The Registered Deputy Inspector, required as a condition of the use of
structural design stresses requiring continuous inspection, will be responsible to the
Building Official as required by Section 306(a) of the UBe.
8929. REQUIRED BUILDING MAINTENANCE.
Every building within the scope of this Part which has been analyzed to
demonstrate compliance or structurally altered to cornply with the minirnum
earthquake standards m this part shall be rnaintained in conformity with the
requirements of this part in effect at the tirne of such analysis or structural
alteration.
8929.1. VIOLATIONS/PENALTIES FOR DISREGARDING DEPARTMENT
ORDERS.
Notwithstanding any other provisions of this code to the contrary, it shall be
unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to maintain, use or occupy any
building within the scope of this part which does not meet the minimurn
earthquake standards specified in this part.
Any person who violates or causes or perrnits another person to violate this
provision is guilty of a misdemeanor. Any person includes an owner, lessor,
sublessor, manager or person in control of a building subject to this part. This term
shall not include any person who is merely a tenant or other individual occupying
any dwelling unit, efficiency dwelling unit, guest room or suite in a building.
.
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The legal owner of a building is that person, firm, corporation, partnership, or
other entity whose name or title appears on the record with the Los Angeles County
Recorder's office, as well as all successors or assignees of these persons.
EXCEPTION: This section shall not apply if alteration or repair work
has commenced in order to bring the building into compliance with the
requirements of this part, and such work is proceeding in accordance with the
time limits set forth in order of the department or determination of the
board.
TABLE NO. 89-H
RATING CLASSIFICATIONS
CLASSIFICATION OCCUPANT LOAD
Essen tial N/A
Group I 300 or more
Group II 100 to 299
Group III 50 to 99
Group IV less than 50
TABLE NO. 89-1
TIME LIMITS FOR COMPLIANCE
OBTAIN BUILDING COMMENCE COMPLETE
PERMIT WITHIN CONSTRUCTION WITHIN CONSTRUCTION WITHIN
365 days 535 days Three years
TABLE NO. 89-J
SERVICE PRIORITIES
RATING MINIMUM TIME PERIOD
CLASSIFICATION BEFORE SERVICE OF ORDER
Group I & Essential 30 days
(Highest Priority)
Group II 30 days
Group III 30 days
Group IV 30 days
(Lowest Priority)
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Section 3. The City Council finds and determines that the text amendment is
consistent with the general plan and will not be detrimental to public health, safety,
general welfare and good zoning practice.
Section 5. The City Clerk shall certify to the adoption of this Ordinance and
shall cause a copy of the same to be published in the official newspaper of said City
within fifteen (15) days after its adoption.
Passed, approved and adopted this 7th day of February, 1995.
ATTEST:
mft~i!l1t:~cr-
Mayor 0 e City f Arca<C%
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Approved as to Form:
~~H
Jrl~
Michael H. Miller, City Attorney
STATE OF CALIFORNIA )
COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES ) SS:
CITY OF ARCADIA )
I, JUNE D. ALFORD, City Clerk of the City of Arcadia, hereby certify that the
foregoing Ordinance No. 2033 was passed and adopted by the City Council of the City
of Arcadia, signed by the Mayor and attested to by the City Clerk at a regular meeting
of said Council on the day of 7th day of February, 1995, and that said Ordinance was
adopted by the following vote, to wit:
A YES: Council Members Chang, Kuhn, Lojeski, Margett, Young
NOES: None
ABSENT: None
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