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Appendix D_Noise Memo 2-20-18
BERKELEY CARLSBAD FRESNO IRVINE LOS ANGELES PALM SPRINGS POINT RICHMOND RIVERSIDE ROSEVILLE SAN LUIS OBISPO 20 Executive Park, Suite 200, Irvine, California 92614 949.553.0666 www.lsa.net MEMORANDUM DATE: February 20, 2018 TO: City of Arcadia FROM: Jason Lui, LSA SUBJECT: Noise and Vibration Impact Analysis Memorandum for the Olsen Residential Project in Arcadia, California INTRODUCTION This noise and vibration impact analysis has been prepared to evaluate the potential noise and vibration impacts and identify mitigation measures associated with the proposed development of a 80‐unit residential project by The Olsen Company at 17 Las Tunas Drive in Arcadia, California (project). This report is intended to satisfy the City of Arcadia’s (City) requirement for a project‐ specific noise and vibration impact analysis by examining the impacts of the proposed uses on the project site and determining if mitigation measures would be required to reduce noise impacts. PROJECT LOCATION The project site is at 17 Las Tunas Drive at the northwest corner of Santa Anita Avenue and Live Oak Avenue in Arcadia, California. Figure 1 shows the regional and project location. PROJECT DESCRIPTION The project site occupies 4.93 acres at the northwest corner of Santa Anita Avenue and Las Tunas Drive. The project site is currently developed with an existing commercial center although two‐ thirds of the space is currently vacant. The Olson Residential Project proposes to adjust the property lot lines of the two existing lots to facilitate the mixed use development. The property will consist of the following: Lot No. 1 (4.22 acres) will have 80 condominium units including 3 live/work units and an additional 2,487 square feet of ground floor commercial space and Lot No. 2 (0.71 acre) will have 8,500 square feet of commercial space (“fast casual restaurant” and/or retail space). The mixed‐use residential and live/work component will be situated on approximately 4.22 acres and the retail building on 0.71 acres. The project will be considered together as a mixed‐use project as a Planned Development (PD) to “create a dynamic mixed use community that integrates residential and commercial uses in a synergistic manner, enhancing the entire development and benefitting the surrounding area”. Figure 2 illustrates the site plan. CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUND Noise is usually defined as unwanted sound. Noise consists of any sound that may produce physiological or psychological damage and/or interfere with communication, work, rest, recreation, and sleep. Service Layer Credits: Copyright:© 2013National Ge ographic Society, i-cubedCopyright:© 2014 Esri SOURCE: USGS (2017) I:\CTA1401_2\GIS\MXD\ProjectLocation.mxd (9/12/2017) FIGURE 1 Ols en Residential ProjectRegional and Project Location LEGEND Project Location OrangeCounty LosAngelesCounty 101 2 42 71 72 14290 19 134 39 57 60 ProjectLocation 110 105 210 710 10 605 5 Project Vicinity Project Location 0 1000 2000 FEET SOURCE Angeleno Associates, 2018:NFEETI:\CTA1401_2\G\Site_Plan.cdr (2/20/2018)120060FIGURE2Site PlanOlson Residential Project 2/20/18 «P:\CTA1401.02\Products\Noise\Noise Memo_021618.docx» 4 To the human ear, sound has two significant characteristics: pitch and loudness. Pitch is generally an annoyance, whereas loudness can affect the ability to hear. Pitch is the number of complete vibrations, or cycles per second, of a sound wave, which results in the tone’s range from high to low. Loudness is the strength of a sound that describes a noisy or quiet environment and is measured by the amplitude of the sound wave. Loudness is determined by the intensity of the sound waves combined with the reception characteristics of the human ear. Sound intensity refers to how hard the sound wave strikes an object, which in turn produces the sound’s effect. This characteristic of sound can be precisely measured with instruments. The analysis of a project defines the noise environment of the project area in terms of sound intensity and its effect on adjacent sensitive land uses. Measurement of Sound Sound intensity is measured with the A‐weighted decibel scale to correct for the relative frequency response of the human ear. That is, an A‐weighted noise level de‐emphasizes low and very high frequencies of sound, similar to the human ear’s de‐emphasis of these frequencies. Decibels, unlike linear units (e.g., inches or pounds), are measured on a logarithmic scale representing points on a sharply rising curve. For example, 10 decibels (dB) are 10 times more intense than 1 dB, 20 dB are 100 times more intense than 1 dB, and 30 dB are 1,000 times more intense than 1 dB. Thirty decibels (30 dB) represent 1,000 times as much acoustic energy as 1 dB. The decibel scale increases as the square of the change, representing the sound pressure energy. A sound as soft as human breathing is about 10 times greater than 0 dB. The decibel system of measuring sound gives a rough connection between the physical intensity of sound and its perceived loudness to the human ear. A 10 dB increase in sound level is perceived by the human ear as only a doubling of the sound’s loudness. Ambient sounds generally range from 30 dB (very quiet) to 100 dB (very loud). Sound levels are generated from a source, and their decibel level decreases as the distance from that source increases. Sound levels dissipate exponentially with distance from their noise sources. For a single‐point source, sound levels decrease approximately 6 dB for each doubling of distance from the source. This drop‐off rate is appropriate for noise generated by stationary equipment. If noise is produced by a line source (e.g., highway traffic or railroad operations) the sound decreases 3 dB for each doubling of distance in a hard site environment. Line source sound levels decrease 4.5 dB for each doubling of distance in a relatively flat environment with absorptive vegetation. There are many ways to rate noise for various time periods, but an appropriate rating of ambient noise affecting humans also accounts for the annoying effects of sound. Equivalent continuous sound level (Leq) is the total sound energy of time‐varying noise over a sample period. However, the predominant rating scales for human communities in the State of California are the Leq and Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL) or the day‐night average noise level (Ldn) based on A‐weighted decibels (dBA). CNEL is the time varying noise over a 24‐hour period, with a 5 dBA weighting factor applied to the hourly Leq for noises occurring from 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. (defined as relaxation hours), and 10 dBA weighting factor applied to noise occurring from 2/20/18 «P:\CTA1401.02\Products\Noise\Noise Memo_021618.docx» 5 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. (defined as sleeping hours). Ldn is similar to the CNEL scale but without the adjustment for events occurring during the relaxation and sleeping hours. CNEL and Ldn are within 1 dBA of each other and are normally interchangeable. The City uses the CNEL noise scale for long‐term noise impact assessment. Other noise rating scales of importance when assessing the annoyance factor include the maximum instantaneous noise level (Lmax), which is the highest exponential time‐averaged sound level that occurs during a stated time period. The noise environments discussed in this analysis for short‐term noise impacts are specified in terms of maximum levels denoted by Lmax, which reflects peak‐ operating conditions and addresses the annoying aspects of intermittent noise. It is often used together with another noise scale, or noise standards in terms of percentile noise levels, in noise ordinances for enforcement purposes. For example, the L10 noise level represents the noise level that was exceeded 10 percent of the time during a stated period. The L50 noise level represents the median noise level (i.e., this noise level was exceeded half the time, and it was not the other half the time). The L90 noise level represents the noise level exceeded 90 percent of the time; it is considered the background noise level during a monitoring period. For a relatively constant noise source, Leq and L50 are approximately the same. Noise impacts can be described in three categories. The first category includes audible impacts that refer to increases in noise levels noticeable to humans. Audible increases in noise levels generally refer to a change of 3 dB or greater because this level has been found to be barely perceptible in exterior environments. The second category, potentially audible, refers to a change in the noise level between 1 dB and 3 dB. This range of noise levels has been found to be noticeable only in laboratory environments. The last category includes changes in noise levels of less than 1 dB, which are inaudible to the human ear. Only audible changes in existing ambient or background noise levels are considered potentially significant. Physiological Effects of Noise Physical damage to human hearing begins at prolonged exposure to sound levels higher than 85 dBA. Exposure to high sound levels affects the entire system, with prolonged sound exposure in excess of 75 dBA increasing body tensions, thereby affecting blood pressure and functions of the heart and the nervous system. In comparison, extended periods of sound exposure above 90 dBA would result in permanent cell damage. When the sound level reaches 120 dBA, a tickling sensation occurs in the human ear, even with short‐term exposure. This level of sound is called the threshold of feeling. As sound reaches 140 dBA, the tickling sensation is replaced by a feeling of pain in the ear (i.e., the threshold of pain). A sound level of 160–165 dBA will result in dizziness or a loss of equilibrium. The ambient or background noise problem is widespread and generally more concentrated in urban areas than in outlying, less‐developed areas. Table A lists definitions of acoustical terms, and Table B shows common sound levels and their sources. Table C shows noise/land use compatibility guidelines from Figure N‐4 of the City’s General Plan Noise Element. 2/20/18 «P:\CTA1401.02\Products\Noise\Noise Memo_021618.docx» 6 Table A: Definitions of Acoustical Terms Term Definitions Decibel, dB A unit of sound level that denotes the ratio between two quantities that are proportional to power; the number of decibels is 10 times the logarithm (to the base 10) of this ratio. Frequency, Hz Of a function periodic in time, the number of times that the quantity repeats itself in one second (i.e.,the number of cycles per second). A‐Weighted Sound Level, dBA The sound level obtained by use of A‐weighting. The A‐weighting filter de‐emphasizes the very low and very high frequency components of the sound in a manner similar to the frequency response of the human ear and correlates well with subjective reactions to noise. (All sound levels in this report are A‐weighted, unless reported otherwise.) L01, L10, L50, L90 The fast A‐weighted noise levels that are equaled or exceeded by a fluctuating sound level 1%, 10%, 50%, and 90% of a stated time period, respectively. Equivalent Continuous Noise Level, Leq The level of a steady sound that, in a stated time period and at a stated location, has the same A‐weighted sound energy as the time varying sound. Community Noise Equivalent Level, CNEL The 24‐hour A‐weighted average sound level from midnight to midnight, obtained after the addition of 5 dBA to sound levels occurring in the evening from 7:00 PM to 10:00 PM and after the addition of 10 dBA to sound levels occurring in the night between 10:00 PM and 7:00 AM. Day/Night Noise Level, Ldn The 24‐hour A‐weighted average sound level from midnight to midnight, obtained after the addition of 10 dBA to sound levels occurring in the night between 10:00 PM and 7:00 AM. Lmax, Lmin The maximum and minimum A‐weighted sound levels measured on a sound level meter, during a designated time interval, using fast time averaging. Ambient Noise Level The all‐encompassing noise associated with a given environment at a specified time, usually a composite of sound from many sources from many directions, near and far; no particular sound is dominant. Intrusive The noise that intrudes over and above the existing ambient noise at a given location. The relative intrusiveness of a sound depends upon its amplitude, duration, frequency, and time of occurrence and tonal or informational content, as well as the prevailing ambient noise level. Source: Handbook of Acoustical Measurements and Noise Control (Harris 1991). Table B: Common Sound Levels and Their Noise Sources Noise Source A‐Weighted Sound Level in Decibels Noise Environments Subjective Evaluations Near Jet Engine 140 Deafening 128 times as loud Civil Defense Siren 130 Threshold of Pain 64 times as loud Hard Rock Band 120 Threshold of Feeling 32 times as loud Accelerating Motorcycle at a Few Feet Away 110 Very Loud 16 times as loud Pile Driver; Noisy Urban Street/Heavy City Traffic 100 Very Loud 8 times as loud Ambulance Siren; Food Blender 95 Very Loud — Garbage Disposal 90 Very Loud 4 times as loud Freight Cars; Living Room Music 85 Loud — Pneumatic Drill; Vacuum Cleaner 80 Loud 2 times as loud Busy Restaurant 75 Moderately Loud — Near Freeway Auto Traffic 70 Moderately Loud Reference level Average Office 60 Quiet One‐half as loud Suburban Street 55 Quiet — Light Traffic; Soft Radio Music in Apartment 50 Quiet One‐quarter as loud Large Transformer 45 Quiet — Average Residence without Stereo Playing 40 Faint One‐eighth as loud Soft Whisper 30 Faint — Rustling Leaves 20 Very Faint — Human Breathing 10 Very Faint Threshold of Hearing — 0 Very Faint — Source: Compiled by LSA (2004). 2/20/18 «P:\CTA1401.02\Products\Noise\Noise Memo_021618.docx» 7 Table C: Noise/Land Use Compatibility Guidelines Source: City of Arcadia General Plan, Noise Element, Figure N‐4 (2010). 2/20/18 «P:\CTA1401.02\Products\Noise\Noise Memo_021618.docx» 8 FUNDAMENTALS OF VIBRATION Vibration refers to ground‐borne noise and perceptible motion. Ground‐borne vibration is almost exclusively a concern inside buildings and is rarely perceived as a problem outdoors, where the motion may be discernible, but without the effects associated with the shaking of a building there is less adverse reaction. Vibration energy propagates from a source through intervening soil and rock layers to the foundations of nearby buildings. The vibration then propagates from the foundation throughout the remainder of the structure. Building vibration may be perceived by occupants as the motion of building surfaces, the rattling of items sitting on shelves or hanging on walls, or a low‐ frequency rumbling noise. The rumbling noise is caused by the vibration of walls, floors, and ceilings that radiate sound waves. Annoyance from vibration often occurs when the vibration exceeds the threshold of perception by 10 dB or less. This is an order of magnitude below the damage threshold for normal buildings. Typical sources of ground‐borne vibration are construction activities (e.g., blasting, pile‐driving, and operating heavy‐duty earthmoving equipment), steel‐wheeled trains, and occasional traffic on rough roads. Problems with both ground‐borne vibration and noise from these sources are usually localized to areas within approximately 100 feet (ft) from the vibration source, although there are examples of ground‐borne vibration causing interference out to distances greater than 200 ft (Federal Transit Authority [FTA] 2006). When roadways are smooth, vibration from traffic, even heavy trucks, is rarely perceptible. It is assumed for most projects that the roadway surface will be smooth enough that ground‐borne vibration from street traffic will not exceed the impact criteria; however, both construction of the project and the freight train operations could result in ground‐ borne vibration that may be perceptible and annoying. Ground‐borne noise is not likely to be a problem because noise arriving via the normal airborne path will usually be greater than ground‐borne noise. Ground‐borne vibration has the potential to disturb people and damage buildings. Although it is very rare for train‐induced ground‐borne vibration to cause even cosmetic building damage, it is not uncommon for construction processes such as blasting and pile‐driving to cause vibration of sufficient amplitudes to damage nearby buildings (FTA 2006). Ground‐borne vibration is usually measured in terms of vibration velocity, either the root‐mean‐square (RMS) velocity or peak particle velocity (PPV). The RMS is best for characterizing human response to building vibration, and PPV is used to characterize potential for damage. Decibel notation acts to compress the range of numbers required to describe vibration. Vibration velocity level in decibels is defined as: Lv = 20 log10 [V/Vref] where “Lv” is the vibration velocity in decibels (VdB), “V” is the RMS velocity amplitude, and “Vref” is the reference velocity amplitude, or 1 x 10‐6 inches/second (in/sec) used in the United States. Table D illustrates human response to various vibration levels, as described in the Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment (FTA 2006). 2/20/18 «P:\CTA1401.02\Products\Noise\Noise Memo_021618.docx» 9 Table D: Human Response to Different Levels of Ground‐Borne Noise and Vibration Vibration Velocity Level Noise Level Human Response Low Frequency1 Mid Frequency2 65 VdB 25 dBA 40 dBA Approximate threshold of perception for many humans. Low‐frequency sound is usually inaudible; mid‐frequency sound is excessive for quiet sleeping areas. 75 VdB 35 dBA 50 dBA Approximate dividing line between barely perceptible and distinctly perceptible. Many people find transit vibration at this level unacceptable. Low‐frequency noise is acceptable for sleeping areas; mid‐frequency noise is annoying in most quiet occupied areas. 85 VdB 45 dBA 60 dBA Vibration acceptable only if there are an infrequent number of events per day. Low‐frequency noise is unacceptable for sleeping areas; mid‐ frequency noise is unacceptable even for infrequent events with institutional land uses, such as schools and churches. Source: Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment (FTA 2006). 1 Approximate noise level when vibration spectrum peak is near 30 Hz. 2 Approximate noise level when vibration spectrum peak is near 60 Hz. dBA = A‐weighted decibels FTA = Federal Transit Administration Hz = Hertz VdB = vibration velocity decibels The following includes factors that influence ground‐borne vibration and noise. Vibration Source: Vehicle suspension, wheel types and condition, railroad track/roadway surface, railroad track support system, speed, transit structure, and depth of vibration source. Vibration Path: Soil type, rock layers, soil layering, depth to water table, and frost depth. Vibration Receiver: Foundation type, building construction, and acoustical absorption. Among the factors listed above, there are significant differences in the vibration characteristics when the source is underground compared to at the ground surface. In addition, soil conditions are known to have a strong influence on the levels of ground‐borne vibration. Among the most important factors are the stiffness and internal damping of the soil and the depth to bedrock. Experience with ground‐borne vibration indicates: (1) vibration propagation is more efficient in stiff clay soils than in loose sandy soils; and (2) shallow rock seems to concentrate the vibration energy close to the surface and can result in ground‐borne vibration problems at large distances from a railroad track. Factors such as layering of the soil and the depth to the water table can have significant effects on the propagation of ground‐borne vibration. Soft, loose, sandy soils tend to attenuate more vibration energy than hard, rocky materials. Vibration propagation through groundwater is more efficient than through sandy soils. 2/20/18 «P:\CTA1401.02\Products\Noise\Noise Memo_021618.docx» 10 REGULATORY SETTING Federal Regulations Federal Transit Administration Vibration standards included in the FTA’s Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment (2006) are used in this analysis for ground‐borne vibration impacts on human annoyance, as shown in Table E. The criteria presented in Table E account for the variations in project types as well as the frequency of events, which differ widely among projects. It is intuitive that when there will be fewer events per day, higher vibration levels would be required to evoke the same community response. This is accounted for in the criteria by distinguishing between projects with frequent and infrequent events, in which the term “occasional events” is defined as between 30 and 70 events per day. Table E: Ground‐Borne Vibration and Ground‐Borne Noise Impact Criteria for General Assessment Land Use Category Ground‐Borne Vibration Impact Levels (VdB re 1 µin/sec) Ground‐Borne Noise Impact Levels (dB re 20 µPa) Frequent1 Events Occasional2 Events Infrequent3 Events Frequent1 Events Occasional2 Events Infrequent3 Events Category 1: Buildings where low ambient vibration is essential for interior operations. 65 VdB4 65 VdB4 65 VdB4 N/A5 N/A5 N/A5 Category 2: Residences and buildings where people normally sleep. 72 VdB 75 VdB 80 VdB 35 dBA 38 dBA 43 dBA Category 3: Institutional land uses with primarily daytime use. 75 VdB 78 VdB 83 VdB 40 dBA 43 dBA 48 dBA Source: Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment (FTA 2006). 1 Frequent events are defined as more than 70 events per day. 2 Occasional events are defined as between 30 and 70 events per day. 3 Infrequent events are defined as fewer than 30 events per day. 4 This criterion limit is based on levels that are acceptable for most moderately sensitive equipment, such as optical microscopes. Vibration‐sensitive manufacturing or research will require detailed evaluation to define the acceptable vibration levels. Ensuring lower vibration levels in a building often requires special design of the HVAC systems and stiffened floors. 5 Vibration‐sensitive equipment is not sensitive to ground‐borne noise. µin/sec = microinch/microinches per second µPa = micropascals dB = decibels dBA = A‐weighted decibels FTA = Federal Transit Administration VdB = vibration velocity decibels The criteria for environmental impact from ground‐borne vibration and noise are based on the maximum levels for a single event. Table F lists the potential vibration building damage criteria associated with construction activities, as suggested in the Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment (FTA 2006). FTA guidelines show that a vibration level of up to 102 VdB (equivalent to 0.5 PPV [in/sec], FTA 2006) is considered safe for buildings consisting of reinforced concrete, steel, or timber (no plaster), and would not result in any construction vibration damage. For a nonengineered timber and masonry building, the construction building vibration damage criterion is 94 VdB (0.2 PPV [in/sec]). 2/20/18 «P:\CTA1401.02\Products\Noise\Noise Memo_021618.docx» 11 Table F: Construction Vibration Damage Criteria Building Category PPV (in/sec) Approximate LV (VdB)1 Reinforced concrete, steel, or timber (no plaster) 0.50 102 Engineered concrete and masonry (no plaster) 0.30 98 Non‐engineered timber and masonry buildings 0.20 94 Buildings extremely susceptible to vibration damage 0.12 90 Source: Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment (FTA 2006). 1 RMS vibration velocity in decibels (VdB) re 1 µin/sec. µin/sec = microinch/microinches per second FTA = Federal Transit Administration in/sec = inch/inches per second LV = velocity in decibels PPV = peak particle velocity RMS = root‐mean‐square VdB = vibration velocity decibels Local Regulations City of Arcadia Noise Element of the General Plan. The City’s General Plan Noise Element establishes interior and exterior noise standards shown in Table G. The proposed project is located in a mixed‐use zone as classified by the City’s Land Use classification. This land use type is comparable to that of commercial uses which do not have an exterior noise level threshold. For the residential uses within the mixed‐use project, the interior noise standard of 45 dBA CNEL, which is consistent with Table G and Title 24 of the California Health and Safety Code, will be utilized. Table G: Interior and Exterior Noise Standards Land Use Categories Maximum Noise Level Categories Uses Exterior Interior Residential Rural, Single‐Family, and Multifamily 65 dBA CNEL 45 dBA CNEL Schools Classroom 70 dBA CNEL 45 dBA Leq Playground 70 dBA CNEL — Libraries — — 45 dBA Hospitals/Convalescent Facilities Sleeping Areas 65 dBA CNEL 45 dBA CNEL Living Areas — 50 dBA CNEL Reception, Office — 50 dBA Leq Hotels/Motels Sleeping Areas — 45 dBA CNEL Reception, Office — 50 dBA Leq Places of Worship — 65 dBA CNEL 45 dBA Leq Open Space/Recreation Wildlife Habitat 60 dBA CNEL — Passive Recreation Areas 65 dBA CNEL — Active Recreation Areas 70 dBA CNEL — Commercial and Business Park Office Office — 55 dBA Leq Restaurant, Retail, Service — 65 dBA Leq Warehousing/Industrial — 70 dBA Leq Source: City of Arcadia General Plan, Noise Element, Table N‐2 (2010). CNEL = Community Noise Equivalent Level dBA = A‐weighted decibels Leq = equivalent continuous sound level 2/20/18 «P:\CTA1401.02\Products\Noise\Noise Memo_021618.docx» 12 Municipal Code. Section 4610.3 of the City’s Municipal Code (City of Arcadia 2016) establishes noise level standards for various land use categories affected by stationary noise sources. Land use categories in the City are defined in three noise zones. Table H provides the City’s maximum noise standard based on the noise zone and the time period. Table H. Maximum Noise Level Standards Region Time Base Noise Standard L8 L2 Lmax 5 minutes 1 Minute Less than 1 Minute Residential Zone Daytime 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. 55 60 65 70 Nighttime 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. 50 ‐‐1 ‐‐ ‐‐ Commercial Zone Daytime 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. 65 70 75 80 Nighttime 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. 60 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ Industrial Zone Daytime 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. 70 75 80 85 Nighttime 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. 70 ‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ Source: City of Arcadia, Municipal Code (2016). 1 The corrections apply to daytime hours only. City = City of Arcadia dBA = A‐weighted decibels In addition, Section 4261 of the City’s Municipal Code limits construction activities to occur only between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. Monday through Friday and between 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. on Saturday. In addition, it states: “No construction shall be permitted outside of these hours or on Sundays and the following holidays: New Year's Day, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day, provided that if in any calendar year any such holiday falls on a Sunday, the following Monday shall constitute the holiday.” THRESHOLD OF SIGNIFICANCE Thresholds of Significance for Noise Based on the guidelines for implementation of the California Environmental Quality Act, Appendix G, State Public Resource Code Sections 15000–15387 (Association of Environmental Professionals 2016), a project will normally have a significant effect on the environment related to noise if it will substantially increase the ambient noise levels for adjoining areas or conflict with adopted environmental plans and the goals of the community in which it is located. The applicable noise standards governing the project site are the criteria in the Noise Element of the City’s General Plan and its Municipal Code Noise Ordinance. Thresholds of Significance for Vibration Federal Transit Administration The criteria for environmental impact from ground‐borne vibration are based on the maximum levels for a single event. Table F lists the potential vibration damage criteria associated with construction activities, as suggested in the FTA’s Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment (FTA 2006). 2/20/18 «P:\CTA1401.02\Products\Noise\Noise Memo_021618.docx» 13 FTA guidelines show that a vibration level of up to 102 VdB (equivalent to 0.5 in/sec in PPV, FTA 2006) is considered safe for buildings consisting of reinforced concrete, steel, or timber (no plaster), and would not result in any construction vibration damage. For a nonengineered timber and masonry building, the construction vibration damage criterion is 94 VdB (0.2 in/sec in PPV). Based on Table 8‐3 in the FTA’s Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment (2006), interpretation of vibration criteria for detailed analysis is 78 VdB for residential uses during daytime hours. During nighttime hours, the vibration criterion is 72 VdB. For office and office buildings, the FTA guidelines suggest that a vibration level of 84 VdB should be used for detailed analysis. EXISTING SETTING Land Uses in the Project Vicinity Land uses located within the project site include residences, a church, an after‐school facility, a restaurant, a gas station, an office, and industrial uses. The areas adjacent to the project site include the following uses: North: Place of Worship (Church) and a single‐family residential development East: Restaurant, gas station and a single‐family residential development South: An after‐school Facility, restaurants, and industrial uses West: An office and a single‐family development Overview of the Existing Noise Environment Transportation facilities make up the primary existing noise sources in the project area. Traffic on Las Tunas Drive, Santa Anita Avenue, and Live Oak Avenue is a steady source of ambient noise. Existing Aircraft Noise The San Gabriel Valley Airport (formerly El Monte Airport) is 1.1 miles (mi) south of the project site. Based on the airport influence area map for the San Gabriel Valley Airport in the Los Angeles County Airport Land Use Plan (LA County ALUC, December 2004), the project site would be outside the 65 dBA CNEL noise contour. Existing Traffic Noise The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Highway Traffic Noise Prediction Model (FHWA‐RD‐77‐ 108) was used to evaluate highway traffic‐related noise conditions along roadway segments in the project vicinity. This model requires various parameters, including traffic volumes, vehicle mix, vehicle speed, and roadway geometry to compute typical equivalent noise levels during daytime, evening, and nighttime hours. The resultant noise levels are weighted and summed over 24‐hour periods to determine the CNEL values. The standard vehicle mix for Southern California roadways was used for traffic on these roadway segments. The existing 2017 traffic volumes on Santa Anita Avenue and Live Oak Avenue were obtained from City’s Traffic Volume Map (City 2014) showing 2014 Average Daily Traffic (ADT) volumes and were projected to 2017 using a 2 percent growth rate. Table I shows the modeled 24‐hour CNEL levels for the existing conditions. These noise levels represent the worst‐case scenario, which assumes no shielding is provided between the traffic and 2/20/18 «P:\CTA1401.02\Products\Noise\Noise Memo_021618.docx» 14 Table I: Existing Traffic Noise Levels Roadway Segment ADT Centerline to 70 dBA CNEL (ft) Centerline to 65 dBA CNEL (ft) Centerline to 60 dBA CNEL (ft) CNEL (dBA) 50 ft from Centerline of Outermost Lane Santa Anita Avenue North of Live Oak Avenue 24,546 62 116 241 67.4 Las Tunas Drive/Live Oak Avenue West of Santa Anita Avenue 29,625 67 130 273 68.3 Source: Compiled by LSA (2017). Note: Noise modeling performed using “Soft” setting and Southern California traffic percentages. ADT = average daily traffic CNEL = Community Noise Equivalent Level ft = foot/feet dBA = A‐weighted decibels the location where the noise contours are drawn. The specific assumptions used in developing these noise levels and model printouts are attached. As shown in Table I, traffic noise levels along Santa Anita Avenue directly adjacent to the project site are moderately high, with the 70, 65, and 60 dBA CNEL noise contours that extend 62, 116, and 241 ft, respectively, from the roadway centerline. Traffic noise levels along Live Oak Avenue directly adjacent to the project site are also moderately high, with the 70, 65, and 60 dBA CNEL noise contours that extend 67, 130, and 273 ft, respectively, from the roadway centerline. IMPACTS Short‐Term Construction Noise Impacts Two types of short‐term noise impacts could occur during project construction. First, construction crew commutes and the transport of construction equipment and materials to the project site would incrementally increase noise levels on access roads leading to the site. Although there would be a relatively high single event noise exposure potential causing intermittent noise nuisance (passing trucks at 50 ft would generate up to a maximum of 84 dBA), the effect on longer‐term ambient noise levels would be small when compared to existing hourly/daily traffic volumes of 2,455/24,546 and 2,963/29,625 vehicles on Santa Anita Avenue and Las Tunas Drive/Live Oak Avenue, respectively. Vehicles would use Santa Anita Avenue and Las Tuna Drive/Live Oak Avenue to access the project site. Because construction‐related vehicle trips would not approach the hourly/daily traffic volumes of 2,455/24,546 and 2,963/29,625 vehicles on Santa Anita Avenue and La Tunas Drive/Live Oak Avenue, respectively, traffic noise would not increase by 3 dBA. A noise level increase of less than 3 dBA would not be perceptible to the human ear in an outdoor environment. Therefore, short‐term, construction‐related impacts associated with worker commute and equipment transport to the project site would be less than significant. The second type of short‐term noise impact is related to noise generated during excavation, grading, and building erection on the project site. Construction is completed in discrete steps, each of which has its own mix of equipment and, consequently, its own noise characteristics. These various sequential phases would change the character of the noise generated on the site and, therefore, the noise levels surrounding the site as construction progresses. Despite the variety in the type and size 2/20/18 «P:\CTA1401.02\Products\Noise\Noise Memo_021618.docx» 15 of construction equipment, similarities in the dominant noise sources and patterns of operation allow construction‐related noise ranges to be categorized by work phase. Table J lists typical construction equipment noise levels recommended for noise impact assessments, based on a distance of 50 ft between the equipment and a noise receptor, taken from the FHWA Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM; FHWA 2006). Table J: RCNM Default Noise Emission Reference Levels and Usage Factors Equipment Description Acoustical Usage Factor1 Spec. 721.560 Lmax at 50 ft (dBA, slow)2 Actual Measured Lmax at 50 ft (dBA, slow)3 All Other Equipment > 5 HP 50 85 N/A4 Auger Drill Rig 20 85 84 Backhoe 40 80 78 Bar Bender 20 80 N/A Blasting N/A 94 N/A Boring Jack Power Unit 50 80 83 Chain Saw 20 85 84 Clam Shovel (dropping) 20 93 87 Compactor (ground) 20 80 83 Compressor (air) 40 80 78 Concrete Batch Plant 15 83 N/A Concrete Mixer Truck 40 85 79 Concrete Pump Truck 20 82 81 Concrete Saw 20 90 90 Crane 16 85 81 Dozer 40 85 82 Drill Rig Truck 20 84 79 Drum Mixer 50 80 80 Dump Truck 40 84 76 Excavator 40 85 81 Flat Bed Truck 40 84 74 Front End Loader 40 80 79 Generator 50 82 81 Generator (< 25 kVA, VMS) 50 70 73 Gradall 40 85 83 Grader 40 85 N/A Grapple (on backhoe) 40 85 87 Horizontal Boring Hydraulic Jack 25 80 82 Hydra Break Ram 10 90 N/A Impact Pile Driver 20 95 101 Jackhammer 20 85 89 Man Lift 20 85 75 Mounted Impact Hammer (hoe ram) 20 90 90 Pavement Scarifier 20 85 90 Paver 50 85 77 Pickup Truck 40 55 75 Pneumatic Tools 50 85 85 Pumps 50 77 81 Refrigerator Unit 100 82 73 Rivet Buster/Chipping Gun 20 85 79 Rock Drill 20 85 81 Roller 20 85 80 2/20/18 «P:\CTA1401.02\Products\Noise\Noise Memo_021618.docx» 16 Table J: RCNM Default Noise Emission Reference Levels and Usage Factors Equipment Description Acoustical Usage Factor1 Spec. 721.560 Lmax at 50 ft (dBA, slow)2 Actual Measured Lmax at 50 ft (dBA, slow)3 Sand Blasting (single nozzle) 20 85 96 Scraper 40 85 84 Sheers (on backhoe) 40 85 96 Slurry Plant 100 78 78 Slurry Trenching Machine 50 82 80 Soil Mix Drill Rig 50 80 N/A4 Tractor 40 84 N/A4 Vacuum Excavator (Vac‐Truck) 40 85 85 Vacuum Street Sweeper 10 80 82 Ventilation Fan 100 85 79 Vibrating Hopper 50 85 87 Vibratory Concrete Mixer 20 80 80 Vibratory Pile Driver 20 95 101 Warning Horn 5 85 83 Welder/Torch 40 73 74 Source: FHWA Highway Construction Noise Handbook,Table 9.1 (FHWA 2006). Note: Noise levels reported in this table are rounded to the nearest whole number. 1 Usage factor is the percentage of time during a construction noise operation that a piece of construction equipment is operating at full power. 2 Maximum noise levels were developed based on Spec 721.560 from the CA/T program to be consistent with the City of Boston, Massachusetts, Noise Code for the “Big Dig” project. 3 The maximum noise level was developed based on the average noise level measured for each piece of equipment during the CA/T program in the City of Boston, Massachusetts. 4 Because the maximum noise level based on the average noise level measured for this piece of equipment was not available, the maximum noise level based on Specification 721.560 would be used. CA/T = Central Artery/Tunnel dBA = A‐weighted decibels FHWA = Federal Highway Administration ft = foot/feet HP = horsepower kVA = kilovolt‐amperes Lmax = maximum instantaneous noise level N/A = not applicable RCNM = Roadway Construction Noise Model VMS = variable message sign Typical noise levels range up to 88 dBA Lmax at 50 ft during the noisiest construction phases. The site preparation phase, which includes excavation and grading of the site, tends to generate the highest noise levels because the noisiest construction equipment is earthmoving equipment. Earthmoving equipment includes excavating machinery such as backhoes, bulldozers, excavators, and front loaders. Earthmoving and compacting equipment includes compactors, scrapers, and graders. Typical operating cycles for these types of construction equipment may involve 1 or 2 minutes of full‐power operation followed by 3 or 4 minutes at lower power settings. Project construction is expected to require the use of scrapers, bulldozers, and water trucks/pickup trucks. Noise associated with the use of construction equipment is estimated to be between 55 and 85 dBA Lmax at a distance of 50 ft from the active construction area for the site preparation phase. These construction equipment noise levels were selected from the Specification 721.560 noise levels as a worst‐case scenario because construction equipment associated with site preparation are typically higher than the actual measured noise levels shown in Table J. As shown in Table J, the maximum noise level generated by each scraper is assumed to be approximately 85 dBA Lmax at 50 ft from the scraper. Each dozer would generate approximately 85 dBA Lmax at 50 ft. The maximum noise level generated by water trucks/pickup trucks is approximately 55 dBA Lmax at 50 ft from these 2/20/18 «P:\CTA1401.02\Products\Noise\Noise Memo_021618.docx» 17 vehicles. Each doubling of the sound sources with equal strength increases the noise level by 3 dBA. Assuming that each piece of construction equipment operates at some distance from the other equipment, the worst‐case combined noise level during construction would be 88 dBA Lmax at a distance of 50 ft from the active construction area. Based on a usage factor of 40 percent, the worst‐ case combined noise level during construction would be 84 dBA Leq at a distance of 50 ft from the active construction area. The closest residences from the project construction boundary are within 50 ft and would be exposed to construction noise reaching 88 dBA Lmax or higher. The implementation of minimization measures that include compliance with the construction hours specified in the City’s Municipal Code Noise Ordinance, the use of construction equipment with noise mufflers that are properly operating and maintained, placing construction staging areas away from off‐site sensitive uses, and placing all stationary construction equipment so that the emitted noise is directed away from sensitive receptors whenever feasible would minimize noise impacts from construction equipment. Construction‐related short‐term noise levels would be higher than existing ambient noise levels in the project area today, but would no longer occur once project construction is completed. Therefore, no construction noise impacts would occur with the implementation of minimization measures. No mitigation measures are required. Short‐Term Construction Vibration Impacts This construction vibration impact analysis discusses the level of human annoyance using vibration levels in VdB and will assess the potential for building damages using vibration levels in PPV (in/sec) because vibration levels calculated in RMS are best for characterizing human response to building vibration whereas vibration level in PPV is best used to characterize potential for damage. As shown in Table F, the FTA guidelines indicate that a vibration level up to 102 VdB (an equivalent to 0.5 PPV [in/sec]) is considered safe for buildings consisting of reinforced concrete, steel, or timber (no plaster), and would not result in any construction vibration damage (FTA 2006). For a nonengineered timber and masonry building, the construction vibration damage criterion is 94 VdB (0.2 PPV [in/sec]). Table K shows the PPV and VdB values at 25 ft from the construction vibration source. As shown in Table K, bulldozers and other heavy‐tracked construction equipment (except for pile drivers and vibratory rollers) generate approximately 87 VdB of ground‐borne vibration when measured at 25 ft, based on the Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment (FTA 2006). This level of ground‐borne vibration levels would result in potential annoyance to residences and workers located adjacent to the project site, but would not cause any damage to the buildings. Construction vibration, similar to vibration from other sources, would not have any significant effects on outdoor activities (e.g., those outside of residences and commercial/office buildings in the project vicinity). Outdoor site preparation for the project is expected to use a bulldozer and a loaded truck. The greatest levels of vibration are anticipated to occur during the site preparation phase. All other phases are expected to result in lower vibration levels. The distance to the nearest buildings for vibration impact analysis is measured between the nearest off‐site buildings and the project boundary (assuming the construction equipment would be used at or near the project boundary) because vibration impacts occur normally within the buildings. 2/20/18 «P:\CTA1401.02\Products\Noise\Noise Memo_021618.docx» 18 Table K: Vibration Source Amplitudes for Construction Equipment Equipment Reference PPV/LV at 25 ft PPV (in/sec) LV (VdB)1 Pile Driver (Impact), Typical 0.644 104 Pile Driver (Sonic), Typical 0.170 93 Vibratory Roller 0.210 94 Large Bulldozer2 0.089 87 Caisson Drilling 0.089 87 Loaded Trucks2 0.076 86 Jackhammer 0.035 79 Small Bulldozer 0.003 58 Sources: Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment (FTA 2006). 1 RMS vibration velocity in decibels (VdB) is 1 µin/sec. 2 Equipment shown in bold is expected to be used on site. µin/sec = microinch/microinches per second ft = foot/feet FTA = Federal Transit Administration in/sec = inch/inches per second LV = velocity in decibels PPV = peak particle velocity RMS = root‐mean‐square VdB = vibration velocity decibels The following provides the formula for vibration transmission. LvdB (D) = LvdB (25 ft) – 30 Log (D/25) and PPVequip = PPVref x (25/D)1.5 Table L lists the projected vibration level from various construction equipment expected to be used on the project site to the nearest buildings in the project vicinity. For typical construction activity, the equipment with the highest vibration generation potential is the large bulldozer, which would generate 87 VdB at 25 ft. The closest residences to the north and west are approximately 10 ft from the project construction boundary. The closest building associated with the church to the north and commercial building to the west is approximately 15 ft and 65 ft, respectively, from the project construction boundary. As shown in Table L, the closest residences to the north and west would experience vibration levels of up to 99 VdB (0.352 PPV [in/sec]). The closest building associated with the church to the north and commercial building to the west would experience vibration levels of up to 94 VdB (0.191 PPV [in/sec]) and 75 VdB (0.021 PPV [in/sec]), respectively. Other adjacent buildings in the project area are farther away and would experience lower vibration levels. Construction vibration levels at residential structures from construction equipment or activity would exceed the FTA threshold of 94 VdB (0.2 in/sec PPV) for building damage when bulldozers and loaded trucks operate approximately 10 ft from the project construction boundary. The implementation of mitigation measures to use light construction equipment (e.g. small bulldozers and trucks) within 5 ft from the northern and western project construction boundary, would reduce construction vibration levels to the FTA threshold of 94 VdB (0.2 in/sec PPV) for building damage or below. Although construction vibration levels at residential uses would have the potential to result in annoyance, these vibration levels would no longer occur once construction of the project is completed. 2/20/18 «P:\CTA1401.02\Products\Noise\Noise Memo_021618.docx» 19 Table L: Summary of Construction Equipment and Activity Vibration Land Use Direction Equipment/ Activity Reference Vibration Level (VdB) at 25 ft Reference Vibration Level (PPV) at 25 ft Distan ce (ft) Maximum Vibration Level (VdB) Maximum Vibration Level (PPV) Residential North/West Large Bulldozers 87 0.089 10 99 0.352 Loaded Trucks 86 0.076 10 98 0.300 Church North Large Bulldozers 87 0.089 25 94 0.191 Loaded Trucks 86 0.076 25 93 0.164 Office West Large Bulldozers 87 0.089 65 75 0.021 Loaded Trucks 86 0.076 65 73 0.018 Source: Compiled by LSA (2017). Note: The FTA‐recommended building damage threshold is 0.2 PPV (in/sec) or approximately 94 VdB at the receiving residential/church structure and 0.3 PPV (in/sec) or approximately 98 VdB at the receiving commercial structure. ft = foot/feet in/sec = inch/inches per second FTA = Federal Transit Administration PPV = peak particle velocity VdB = vibration velocity decibels Construction vibration levels at the closest building associated with the church and commercial building from construction equipment or activity would not exceed the FTA threshold of 94 VdB (0.2 PPV [in/sec]) and 98 VdB (0.3 PPV [in/sec]), respectively, for building damage. Although construction vibration levels at buildings associated with the church and commercial uses would have the potential to result in annoyance, these vibration levels would no longer occur once construction of the project is completed. Therefore, construction vibration levels would be less than significant with the implementation of mitigation measures to use light construction equipment within 5 ft of the northern and western project construction boundary. No mitigation measures are required. Long‐Term Aircraft Noise Impacts As discussed above, the San Gabriel Valley Airport (formerly El Monte Airport) is 1.1 mi south of the project site. Based on the airport influence area map for the San Gabriel Valley Airport in the Los Angeles County Airport Land Use Plan (LA County ALUC, December 2004), the project site would be outside the 65 dBA CNEL noise contour. Based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Protective Noise Levels (EPA 1978), with a combination of exterior walls, doors, and windows, standard construction for Southern California (warm climate) buildings would provide more than 24 dBA in exterior‐to‐interior noise reduction with windows and doors closed, and 12 dBA or more with windows and doors open (the national average is 25 dBA with windows closed and 15 dBA with windows open). With windows and doors open, the interior noise levels at these buildings would be 53 dBA CNEL (i.e., 65 dBA ‐ 12 dBA = 53 dBA). With windows and doors closed, interior noise levels would be 41 dBA CNEL (65 dBA ‐ 24 dBA = 41 dBA). The potential noise level with windows and doors open or closed from aircraft noise would not exceed the City’s interior noise standard of 65 dBA CNEL for retail and restaurant uses. Also, the potential noise level with windows and doors open from aircraft noise would not exceed the City’s interior noise standard of 45 dBA CNEL for residential uses, except when windows and doors are open. Therefore, mechanical ventilation systems such as air conditioning would be required to ensure that windows and doors can remain closed for a prolonged period of 2/20/18 «P:\CTA1401.02\Products\Noise\Noise Memo_021618.docx» 20 time. Because the project would provide air conditioning as a standard feature, no additional mitigation measures are required. Long‐Term Traffic Noise Impacts The FHWA Highway Traffic Noise Prediction Model (FHWA‐RD‐77‐108) was used to evaluate highway traffic‐related noise conditions along roadway segments in the project vicinity. This model requires various parameters, including traffic volumes, vehicle mix, vehicle speed, and roadway geometry to compute typical equivalent noise levels during daytime, evening, and nighttime hours. The resultant noise levels are weighted and summed over 24‐hour periods to determine the CNEL values. The standard vehicle mix for Southern California roadways was used for traffic on these roadway segments. The existing 2017 without project traffic volumes on Santa Anita Avenue and Las Tunas Drive/Live Oak Avenue were obtained from the City’s Traffic Volume Map (City 2014) showing 2014 ADT volumes and were projected to 2017 using a 2 percent growth rate. The existing 2017 with project traffic volumes were calculated by adding the project‐related trips from the project’s Trip Generation Memorandum (LSA, February 2018) to the projected 2017 ADT volume. In addition, the retail and restaurant options were evaluated for the commercial space. Table M provides the traffic noise levels for the existing with and without project for the retail option and Table N provides the traffic noise levels for the existing with and without project for the restaurant option. These noise levels represent the worst‐case scenario, which assumes no shielding is provided between the traffic and the location where the noise contours are drawn. The specific assumptions used in developing these noise levels and model printouts are attached. Tables M and N show that the project‐related traffic noise level increases would be 0.2 dBA or less. This noise increase is less than the 3 dBA threshold normally perceptible by the human ear in an outdoor environment. Therefore, project‐related traffic noise impacts for off‐site land uses would be less than significant. No mitigation measures would be required. Tables M and N show the existing with and without project traffic noise levels for the retail and restaurant option, respectively. The project would be exposed to traffic noise levels along Santa Anita Avenue and Las Tunas Drive/Live Oak Avenue. The following on‐site areas would be affected by traffic noise under both the retail or restaurant option scenario. Santa Anita AvenueThe proposed on‐site retail or restaurant building on the project site would be approximately 280 ft from the roadway centerline and would be exposed to traffic noise of 59 dBA CNEL. The closest proposed on‐site residential building is Building 1 and is approximately 60 ft from the roadway centerline and would be exposed to traffic noise of 70 dBA CNEL. Since there is no exterior noise standard for the mixed‐use land use type, the currently noise levels would be considered acceptable and no mitigation measures would be required. 2/20/18 «P:\CTA1401.02\Products\Noise\Noise Memo_021618.docx» 21 Table M: Existing Traffic Noise Levels Without and With Project (Retail Option) Roadway Segment Existing Without Project Existing With Project ADT Centerline to 70 dBA CNEL (ft) Centerline to 65 dBA CNEL (ft) Centerline to 60 dBA CNEL (ft) CNEL (dBA) 50 ft from Centerline of Outermost Lane ADT Change in ADT Centerline to 70 dBA CNEL (ft) Centerline to 65 dBA CNEL (ft) Centerline to 60 dBA CNEL (ft) CNEL (dBA) 50 ft from Centerline of Outermost Lane Increase over Existing CNEL (dBA) 50 ft from Centerline of Outermost Lane Santa Anita Avenue North of Live Oak Avenue 24,546 62 116 241 67.4 25,035 489 62 117 245 67.5 0.1 Las Tunas Drive/Live Oak Avenue West of Santa Anita Avenue 29,625 67 130 273 68.3 29,835 210 67 130 274 68.4 0.1 Source: Compiled by LSA (2018). Note: Noise modeling performed using the “Soft” setting and Southern California traffic percentages. ADT = average daily traffic CNEL = Community Noise Equivalent Level ft = foot/feet dBA = A‐weighted decibels Table N: Existing Traffic Noise Levels Without and With Project (Retail and Fast‐Food Restaurant Option) Roadway Segment Existing Without Project Existing With Project ADT Centerline to 70 dBA CNEL (ft) Centerline to 65 dBA CNEL (ft) Centerline to 60 dBA CNEL (ft) CNEL (dBA) 50 ft from Centerline of Outermost Lane ADT Change in ADT Centerline to 70 dBA CNEL (ft) Centerline to 65 dBA CNEL (ft) Centerline to 60 dBA CNEL (ft) CNEL (dBA) 50 ft from Centerline of Outermost Lane Increase over Existing CNEL (dBA) 50 ft from Centerline of Outermost Lane Santa Anita Avenue North of Live Oak Avenue 24,546 62 116 241 67.4 27,287 2,741 124 259 67.9 0.5 124 Las Tunas Drive/Live Oak Avenue West of Santa Anita Avenue 29,625 67 130 273 68.3 30,800 1,175 133 280 68.5 0.2 133 Source: Compiled by LSA (2018). Note: Noise modeling performed using the “Soft” setting and Southern California traffic percentages. ADT = average daily traffic CNEL = Community Noise Equivalent Level ft = foot/feet dBA = A‐weighted decibels Table O: Existing Traffic Noise Levels Without and With Project (Retail and High‐Turnover Restaurant Option) Roadway Segment Existing Without Project Existing With Project ADT Centerline to 70 dBA CNEL (ft) Centerline to 65 dBA CNEL (ft) Centerline to 60 dBA CNEL (ft) CNEL (dBA) 50 ft from Centerline of Outermost Lane ADT Change in ADT Centerline to 70 dBA CNEL (ft) Centerline to 65 dBA CNEL (ft) Centerline to 60 dBA CNEL (ft) CNEL (dBA) 50 ft from Centerline of Outermost Lane Increase over Existing CNEL (dBA) 50 ft from Centerline of Outermost Lane Santa Anita Avenue North of Live Oak Avenue 24,546 62 116 241 67.4 25,091 545 118 245 67.5 0.1 118 Las Tunas Drive/Live Oak Avenue West of Santa Anita Avenue 29,625 67 130 273 68.3 29,859 234 130 274 68.4 0.1 130 Source: Compiled by LSA (2018). Note: Noise modeling performed using the “Soft” setting and Southern California traffic percentages. ADT = average daily traffic CNEL = Community Noise Equivalent Level ft = foot/feet dBA = A‐weighted decibels 2/20/18 «P:\CTA1401.02\Products\Noise\Noise Memo_021618.docx» 22 Based on the EPA’s Protective Noise Levels (1978), interior noise levels with windows and doors open at the proposed on‐site retail or restaurant building would be 47 dBA CNEL (59 dBA ‐ 12 dBA = 47 dBA) and 35 dBA CNEL (59 dBA ‐ 24 dBA = 35 dBA) with windows and doors closed. The interior noise levels at the retail or restaurant building would not exceed the City’s interior noise standard of 65 dBA CNEL. Therefore, no mitigation measures are required. For proposed on‐site residences, interior noise levels with windows and doors open at the frontline units would be 59 dBA CNEL (71 dBA ‐ 12 dBA = 59 dBA) and 47 dBA CNEL (71 dBA ‐ 24 dBA = 47 dBA) with windows and doors closed. Interior noise levels at the frontline units with windows and doors open and closed would exceed the City’s interior noise standard of 45 dBA CNEL. Therefore, once final architectural plans are available, specific windows ratings shall be determined for frontline units adjacent to Santa Anita Avenue which may be higher than standard STC ratings which typically range from STC‐24 to STC 28. Additionally, mechanical ventilation systems such as air conditioning would be required to ensure that windows can remain closed for a prolonged period of time. Las Tunas Drive/Live Oak AvenueThe proposed on‐site retail or restaurant building on the project site is 60 ft from the roadway centerline and would be exposed to traffic noise of 70 dBA CNEL. The closest proposed on‐site residential building are Buildings 7, 8, 9, and 10, which are approximately 50 ft from the Las Tunas Drive/Live Oak Avenue centerline and would be exposed to traffic noise of 71 dBA CNEL. Because there is no exterior noise standard for mixed‐use land uses types, similar to commercial uses, this noise environment would be considered acceptable and no mitigation measures would be required. Based on the Protective Noise Levels (EPA 1978), interior noise levels with windows and doors open at the proposed on‐site retail or restaurant building would be 58 dBA CNEL (70 dBA ‐ 12 dBA = 58 dBA) and 46 dBA CNEL (70 dBA ‐ 24 dBA = 46 dBA) with windows and doors closed. The interior noise levels at the retail or restaurant building would not exceed the City’s interior noise standard of 65 dBA CNEL. Therefore, no mitigation measures are required. For proposed on‐site residences, interior noise levels with windows and doors open at the frontline units would be 59 dBA CNEL (71 dBA ‐ 12 dBA = 59 dBA) and 47 dBA CNEL (71 dBA ‐ 24 dBA = 47 dBA) with windows and doors closed. Interior noise levels at the frontline units with windows and doors open and closed would exceed the City’s interior noise standard of 45 dBA CNEL. Therefore, once final architectural plans are available, specific windows ratings shall be determined for frontline units adjacent to Santa Anita Avenue which may be higher than standard STC ratings which typically range from STC‐24 to STC 28. Additionally, mechanical ventilation systems such as air conditioning would be required to ensure that windows can remain closed for a prolonged period of time. Long‐Term Ground‐Borne Noise and Vibration The proposed residential and retail buildings would not generate vibration levels. In addition, vibration levels generated from project‐related traffic on the adjacent roadways (Santa Anita Avenue and Live Oak Avenue) are unusual for on‐road vehicles because the rubber tires and suspension systems of on‐road vehicles provide vibration isolation. Therefore, no long‐term vibration impacts would occur from long‐term operations of the project. No mitigation measures are required. 2/20/18 «P:\CTA1401.02\Products\Noise\Noise Memo_021618.docx» 23 Long‐Term Off‐Site Stationary Noise Impacts The project would be potentially exposed to stationary source noise impacts from truck loading and unloading activities, parking lot activities, and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment. Truck Delivery and Truck Unloading Activities Off‐site truck delivery and truck unloading activities would occur southwest and south across Las Tunas Drive/Live Oak Avenue and immediately southeast to the project site from commercial/industrial uses. Truck delivery and truck unloading activities would result in a maximum noise similar to noise readings from loading and unloading activities for other projects, which generate a noise level of 75 dBA Lmax at 50 ft, based on LSA’s measurements conducted in the past years. The closest off‐site truck delivery and truck unloading activities to the southwest and south across from Las Tunas Drive/Live Oak Avenue are associated with commercial/industrial uses and are 135 ft and 165 ft, respectively, from the residential uses on the mixed‐use land use. At a distance of 135 ft and 165 ft, noise levels would attenuate by 9 and 10 dBA, respectively. Noise associated with truck delivery and truck unloading activities to the southwest and south would decrease to 71 dBA Lmax (75 dBA ‐ 9 dBA = 66 dBA). This noise level would not exceed the City’s exterior daytime Lmax noise standard of 80 dBA for commercial uses. However, this noise level would exceed the City’s nighttime noise standard of 60 dBA for any duration. However, traffic noise levels on Las Tunas Drive/Live Oak Avenue would either be similar or higher and would mask noise levels generated by truck delivery and truck unloading activities. Therefore, noise impacts from off‐site truck delivery and truck unloading activities southwest and south of the project would be less than significant. The closest off‐site truck delivery and truck unloading activities immediately southeast of the project site are associated with the Starbucks and is approximately 70 ft from the residential uses of the project. At a distance of 70 ft, noise levels would attenuate by 3 dBA. The existing Starbucks building and the proposed retail or restaurant building would provide a minimum noise level reduction of 5 dBA. Noise associated with truck delivery and truck unloading activities immediately southeast of the project site would be reduced to 67 dBA Lmax (75 dBA ‐ 3 dBA ‐ 5 dBA = 67 dBA). This noise level would not exceed the City’s exterior daytime Lmax noise standard of 80 dBA for commercial uses. However, this noise level would exceed the City’s nighttime noise standard of 60 dBA for any duration. The 6 foot high existing block wall along the southeastern boundary near the residential uses would be beneficial for the purpose of land use separation and would provide a noise levels reduction of 4 dBA. Noise levels generated from delivery and truck unloading activities would be reduced to 63 dBA Lmax (67 dBA ‐ 4 dBA = 63 dBA). While the noise level impacts have the potential to exceed exterior nighttime noise standards, with standard windows and building construction a reduction of 25 dBA can be assumed and interior noise impacts will be less than 45 dBA CNEL. The applicant shall demonstrate to the potential buyer that noise impacts during nighttime hours related to truck deliveries may exceed the City’s noise standards, therefore, impacts would be less than significant. 2/20/18 «P:\CTA1401.02\Products\Noise\Noise Memo_021618.docx» 24 Parking Lot Activity Off‐site surface parking lots are located west and southeast of the project site. Noise generated from parking activities would include noise generated by vehicles traveling at slow speeds, engine start‐up noise, car door slams, car horns, car alarms, and tire squeals. Representative parking activities would generate approximately 60 to 70 dBA Lmax at 50 ft. Noise levels generated from parking activities are intermittent in nature. Western Property. The off‐site surface parking lot to the west is associated with an existing medical office building and is approximately 15 ft from the residential uses of the project, which would experience noise levels of up to 75 dBA Lmax. Intermittent noise levels from parking activities would not exceed the City’s exterior daytime maximum noise standard of 80 dBA Lmax for commercial uses. Because the hours of operation are only during daytime hours, it is not expected that noise impacts associated with parking lot activities would occur during nighttime hours. Southeastern Property. The off‐site surface parking lot to the southeast is associated with the Starbucks and located approximately 50 ft from the residential uses of the project. Intermittent noise levels from parking activities would reach 70 dBA Lmax which would not exceed the City’s exterior daytime maximum noise standard of 80 dBA Lmax for commercial uses. However, intermittent noise levels from parking activities would potentially exceed the City’s exterior nighttime maximum noise standard of 60 dBA Lmax. While the noise level impacts have the potential to exceed exterior nighttime noise standards, with standard windows and building construction a reduction of 25 dBA can be assumed and interior noise impacts will be less than 45 dBA CNEL. The applicant shall demonstrate to the potential buyer that noise impacts during nighttime hours related to truck deliveries may exceed the City’s noise standards, therefore, impacts would be less than significant. The off‐site surface parking lot to the southeast is also approximately 30 ft from the commercial property line of the project, which would experience noise levels of up to 74 dBA Lmax. Intermittent noise levels from parking activities would not exceed the City’s exterior daytime maximum noise standard of 80 dBA for commercial uses. It is expected that the on‐site commercial uses would not be in operation during nighttime hours, therefore, noise impacts from off‐site commercial uses to the on‐site commercial uses would be less than significant for both daytime and nighttime conditions. HVAC Equipment Off‐site rooftop HVAC equipment is located west and southeast of the project site. It is assumed that roof top HVAC equipment would operate 24 hours a day as a worst‐case scenario. Rooftop HVAC equipment would generate noise levels that range from 75 to 82 dBA Leq at 3 ft based on reference noise measurements (Trane 2002). The off‐site HVAC equipment to the west is associated with the office and located approximately 70 ft from the residential portion of the project. At a distance of 70 ft, noise levels would be attenuated by 27 dBA. The building roof line and parapet would provide a minimum noise level reduction of 8 dBA. Noise associated with HVAC equipment at the office to the west would be reduced to 47 dBA Leq (82 dBA ‐ 27 dBA ‐ 8 dBA = 47 dBA). This noise level would not exceed the 2/20/18 «P:\CTA1401.02\Products\Noise\Noise Memo_021618.docx» 25 City’s exterior daytime and nighttime noise standard for commercial uses. Additionally, traffic noise levels on Las Tunas Drive/Live Oak Avenue would mask noise levels generated from HVAC equipment. Therefore, noise impacts from off‐site HVAC equipment west of the project would be less than significant. No mitigation measures are required. The off‐site HVAC equipment to the southeast is associated with the Starbucks and is approximately 35 ft from the residential portion of the project. At a distance of 35 ft, noise levels would be attenuated by 21 dBA. The building roof line and parapet would provide a minimum noise level reduction of 8 dBA. Noise associated with HVAC equipment would be reduced to 53 dBA Leq (82 dBA – 21 – 8 dBA = 53 dBA). This noise level would not exceed the City’s exterior daytime and nighttime noise standard for commercial uses. Additionally, traffic noise levels on Las Tunas Drive/Live Oak Avenue would mask noise levels generated from HVAC equipment. Therefore, noise impacts from off‐site HVAC equipment west of the project would be less than significant. No mitigation measures are required. The off‐site HVAC equipment to the southeast is also approximately 100 ft from the commercial property line of the project. At a distance of 100 ft, noise levels would be attenuated by 10 dBA. The building roof line and parapet would provide a minimum noise level reduction of 8 dBA. Noise associated with HVAC equipment would be reduced to 64 dBA Leq (82 dBA ‐ 10 dBA ‐ 8 dBA = 64 dBA). This noise level would not exceed the City’s exterior daytime noise standard for commercial uses. It is expected that the on‐site commercial uses would not be in operation during nighttime hours, therefore, noise impacts from off‐site commercial uses to the on‐site commercial uses would be less than significant for both daytime and nighttime conditions. No mitigation measures are required. Long‐Term On‐Site Stationary Noise Impacts On‐site truck delivery and truck unloading activities, parking lot activities, and HVAC equipment associated with the project would potentially impact off‐site sensitive land uses. Truck Delivery and Truck Unloading Activities On‐site truck delivery and truck unloading activities would occur in the southern area of the project site at the proposed retail or restaurant land use. It is assumed that these activities would occur on the north side of the building. Truck delivery and truck unloading activities would result in a maximum noise similar to noise readings from loading and unloading activities for other projects, which generate a noise level of 75 dBA Lmax at 50 ft based on LSA’s measurements conducted in the past years. The closest on‐site truck delivery and truck unloading activities near the restaurant or retail building would be 72 ft from the closest on‐site residences. At a distance of 72 ft, noise levels would attenuate by 3 dBA. Noise associated with on‐site truck delivery and truck unloading activities to the southeast would be reduced to 72 dBA Lmax (75 dBA ‐ 3 dBA = 72 dBA). This noise level would not exceed the City’s exterior daytime noise standard of 80 dBA Lmax. Additionally, it is assumed that no truck delivery and truck unloading activities would occur during nighttime hours. Therefore, noise impacts from on‐site truck delivery and truck unloading activities would be less than significant. 2/20/18 «P:\CTA1401.02\Products\Noise\Noise Memo_021618.docx» 26 The closest on‐site truck delivery and truck unloading activities near the restaurant or retail building would be approximately 50 ft from the closest off‐site commercial use. Noise associated with on‐site truck delivery and truck unloading activities would reach 75 dBA Lmax. This noise level would not exceed the City’s exterior daytime noise standard of 80 dBA Lmax. Additionally, it is assumed that no truck delivery and truck unloading activities would occur during nighttime hours. Therefore, noise impacts from on‐site truck delivery and truck unloading activities would be less than significant. Parking Lot Activity An on‐site surface parking lot is located at the proposed retail or restaurant land use. Noise generated from parking activities would include noise generated by vehicles traveling at slow speeds, engine start‐up noise, car door slams, car horns, car alarms, and tire squeals. Representative parking activities would generate approximately 60 to 70 dBA Lmax at 50 ft. Noise levels generated from parking activities are intermittent in nature. The closest on‐site residence to on‐site surface parking lot associated with the retail or restaurant use is approximately 25 ft away, which would experience noise levels of up to 76 dBA Lmax. Intermittent noise levels from parking activities would remain below the City’s exterior daytime maximum noise standard of 80 dBA Lmax for commercial uses. However, this noise level would potentially exceed the City’s exterior nighttime noise standard of 60 dBA. In most cases, traffic noise levels on Las Tunas Drive/Live Oak Avenue would mask noise levels generated by parking activities, however, the applicant shall demonstrate to the potential buyer that noise impacts during nighttime hours related to parking lot activities may exceed the City’s noise standards, therefore, impacts would be less than significant. The closest off‐site sitting area associated with commercial to the on‐site surface parking lot associated with the retail or restaurant use is approximately 95 ft, which would experience noise levels of up to 64 dBA Lmax. Intermittent noise levels from parking activities would not exceed the City’s exterior daytime maximum noise standard of 80 dBA for commercial uses. This noise level would exceed the City’s exterior nighttime noise standard of 60 dBA. However, traffic noise levels on Las Tunas Drive/Live Oak Avenue would mask noise levels generated by parking activities. Therefore, no noise impacts would occur at the adjacent commercial uses from on‐site parking activities. HVAC Equipment On‐site roof top HVAC equipment associated with the retail or restaurant use is located near the southern border of the project site. It is assumed that roof top HVAC equipment would be at the center of the rooftop building and would operate 24 hours a day as a worst‐case scenario. Rooftop HVAC equipment would generate noise levels that range from 75 to 82 dBA Leq at 3 ft, based on reference noise measurements (Trane 2002). The on‐site HVAC equipment associated with the retail or restaurant use is approximately 30 ft from the residential and commercial property line. At a distance of 30 ft, noise levels would be attenuate 20 dBA. The building roof line and parapet would provide a minimum noise level reduction of 8 dBA. Noise associated with HVAC equipment associated with the retail or restaurant would be reduced to 54 dBA Leq (82 dBA ‐ 20 dBA ‐ 8 dBA = 54 dBA). This noise level would not exceed the City’s exterior daytime and nighttime noise standards. Additionally, traffic noise levels on Las Tunas Drive/Live Oak 2/20/18 «P:\CTA1401.02\Products\Noise\Noise Memo_021618.docx» 27 Avenue would mask noise levels generated from HVAC equipment. Therefore, noise impacts from on‐site HVAC equipment associated with the retail or restaurant use would be less than significant. No mitigation measures are required. MITIGATION MEASURES Construction Noise Impacts Even though estimated noise levels would not be significant, the following measures are recommended to help assure that project construction noise will not exceed expected levels. Prior to issuance of grading and building permits, the developer shall prepare a Construction Noise Control Plan (CNCP) and will submit the plan the City for review and approval. The plan shall include but will not be limited to the following: ○ During all project site excavation and grading, contractors shall equip all construction equipment, fixed or mobile, with properly operating and maintained mufflers consistent with manufacturers’ standards. ○ The project contractor shall place all stationary construction equipment so that emitted noise is directed away from sensitive receptors nearest the project site (i.e. north and northwest). ○ The construction contractor shall locate equipment staging in areas that will create the greatest distance between construction‐related noise sources and noise‐sensitive receptors nearest the project site during all project construction. ○ The construction contractor shall use light construction equipment (e.g. small bulldozers and trucks) within 5 feet of the northern and western project construction boundaries to the extent practical reduce potential noise impacts on adjacent land uses. ○ During all project site construction, the construction contractor shall limit all construction‐ related activities, including maintenance of construction equipment and the staging of haul trucks, to between the hours of 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Monday through Friday and 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. on Saturday. No construction is permitted on Sundays and government code holidays. Construction Vibration Impacts The following mitigation measure is required: Prior to issuance of grading and building permits, the developer shall prepare a Construction Noise Control Plan (CNCP) and will submit the plan the City for review and approval. The plan shall include but will not be limited to the following: 2/20/18 «P:\CTA1401.02\Products\Noise\Noise Memo_021618.docx» 28 ○ The construction contractor shall use light construction equipment (e.g. small bulldozers and trucks) within 5 feet of the northern and western project construction boundaries to the extent practical reduce potential vibration impacts on adjacent land uses. Long‐Term Aircraft Noise Impacts No mitigation measures are required. Long‐Term Traffic Noise Impacts The following mitigation measure is required: Prior to the issuance of a building permit, the applicant shall show proof to the City’s Planning Services that windows with Sound Transmission Class STC‐29 or higher ratings have been installed on frontline units adjacent to Santa Anita Avenue. Prior to the issuance of a building permit, the applicant shall show proof to the City’s Planning Services that mechanical ventilation systems such as air conditioning will be installed on residential units to ensure that windows can remain closed for prolonged periods of time. Long‐Term Stationary Noise Impacts The following mitigation measure is required: Prior to issuance of the first occupancy permit, the applicant shall provide the City with a copy of a notice that will be provided to prospective tenants or buyers of the live/work units along Las Tunas and the residential units facing Santa Anita Avenue that states noise levels may be higher than a typical suburban residential area. Prior to the issuance of an occupancy permit for the new commercial building, a minimum six‐ foot high block wall shall be constructed on the north and west sides of the Starbucks and new commercial building to help reduce potential noise impacts on project residents. This measure shall be implemented to the satisfaction of the City Planning Services. Attachments: References FHWA Traffic Noise Model Printouts N OISE AND V IBRATION I MPACT A NALYSIS O CTOBER 2017 O LSEN R ESIDENTIAL P ROJECT A RCADIA, L OS A NGELES C OUNTY, C ALIFORNIA P:\CTA1401.02\Products\Noise\Noise Memo_021618.docx «02/20/18» REFERENCES Airport Land Use Commission (ALUC). 2004. Los Angeles County Airport Land Use Plan. December 1. Association of Environmental Professionals. 2016. 2016 California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Statute and Guidelines. City of Arcadia. 2016. Municipal Code. _____. 2010. Noise Element of the City of Arcadia General Plan. _____. 2014. City of Arcadia Traffic Volume Map. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). 1977. Highway Traffic Noise Prediction Model, FHWA‐RD‐77‐108. _____. 2006. Highway Construction Noise Handbook. Roadway Construction Noise Model, FHWA‐HEP‐06‐015. DOT‐VNTSC‐FHWA‐06‐02. NTIS No. PB2006‐109012. August. Federal Transit Administration (FTA). 2006. Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment. FTA‐VA‐90‐1003‐06. Office of Planning and Environment. May. Harris, Cyril M., editor. 1991. Handbook of Acoustical Measurements and Noise Control, Third Edition. LSA Associates, Inc. (LSA). 2018. Trip Generation Memorandum. February. Trane. 2002. Sound Data and Application Guide for the New and Quieter Air‐Cooled Series R Chiller. United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1978. Protective Noise Levels, Condensed Version of EPA Levels Document, EPA 550/9‐79‐100. November. N OISE AND V IBRATION I MPACT A NALYSIS O CTOBER 2017 O LSEN R ESIDENTIAL P ROJECT A RCADIA, L OS A NGELES C OUNTY, C ALIFORNIA P:\CTA1401.02\Products\Noise\Noise Memo_021618.docx «02/20/18» FHWA TRAFFIC NOISE MODEL PRINTOUTS TABLE Existing NP-01 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 02/20/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: Santa Anita Avenue North of Live Oak Avenue NOTES: Olsen Residential - Existing NP ______________________________________________________________________ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 24546 SPEED (MPH): 40 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 34 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT ______________________________________________________________________ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 67.40 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 61.7 116.0 241.4 515.9 ______________________________________________________________________ TABLE Existing NP-02 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 02/20/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: Las Tunas Drive/Live Oak Avenue West of Santa Anita Avenue NOTES: Olsen Residential - Existing NP ______________________________________________________________________ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 29625 SPEED (MPH): 40 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 32 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT ______________________________________________________________________ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 68.33 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 66.6 129.8 272.8 584.5 ______________________________________________________________________ TABLE Existing P (Alt 1)-01 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 02/20/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: Santa Anita Avenue North of Live Oak Avenue NOTES: Olsen Residential - Existing P (Alt 1) ______________________________________________________________________ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 25035 SPEED (MPH): 40 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 34 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT ______________________________________________________________________ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 67.48 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 62.3 117.4 244.5 522.7 ______________________________________________________________________ TABLE Existing P (Alt 1)-02 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 02/20/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: Las Tunas Drive/Live Oak Avenue West of Santa Anita Avenue NOTES: Olsen Residential - Existing P (Alt 1) ______________________________________________________________________ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 29835 SPEED (MPH): 40 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 32 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT ______________________________________________________________________ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 68.36 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 66.8 130.4 274.1 587.3 ______________________________________________________________________ TABLE Existing P (Alt 2)-01 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 02/20/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: Santa Anita Avenue North of Live Oak Avenue NOTES: Olsen Residential - Existing P (Alt 2) ______________________________________________________________________ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 27287 SPEED (MPH): 40 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 34 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT ______________________________________________________________________ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 67.86 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 64.9 123.8 258.7 553.5 ______________________________________________________________________ TABLE Existing P (Alt 2)-02 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 02/20/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: Las Tunas Drive/Live Oak Avenue West of Santa Anita Avenue NOTES: Olsen Residential - Existing P (Alt 2) ______________________________________________________________________ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 30800 SPEED (MPH): 40 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 32 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT ______________________________________________________________________ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 68.50 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 67.9 133.0 279.9 599.8 ______________________________________________________________________ TABLE Existing P (Alt 3)-01 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 02/20/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: Santa Anita Avenue North of Live Oak Avenue NOTES: Olsen Residential - Existing P (Alt 3) ______________________________________________________________________ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 25091 SPEED (MPH): 40 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 34 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT ______________________________________________________________________ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 67.49 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 62.4 117.6 244.9 523.5 ______________________________________________________________________ TABLE Existing P (Alt 3)-02 FHWA ROADWAY NOISE LEVEL ANALYSIS RUN DATE: 02/20/2018 ROADWAY SEGMENT: Las Tunas Drive/Live Oak Avenue West of Santa Anita Avenue NOTES: Olsen Residential - Existing P (Alt 3) ______________________________________________________________________ * * ASSUMPTIONS * * AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC: 29859 SPEED (MPH): 40 GRADE: .5 TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES DAY EVENING NIGHT --- ------- ----- AUTOS 75.51 12.57 9.34 M-TRUCKS 1.56 0.09 0.19 H-TRUCKS 0.64 0.02 0.08 ACTIVE HALF-WIDTH (FT): 32 SITE CHARACTERISTICS: SOFT ______________________________________________________________________ * * CALCULATED NOISE LEVELS * * CNEL AT 50 FT FROM NEAR TRAVEL LANE CENTERLINE (dB) = 68.36 DISTANCE (FEET) FROM ROADWAY CENTERLINE TO CNEL 70 CNEL 65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL ------- ------- ------- ------- 66.9 130.4 274.3 587.6 ______________________________________________________________________