HomeMy WebLinkAboutPlansDate
Scale
Job
Sheet
Drawn
NO
REVISIONS
DATE
A-2
03-13-2018
SEE PLAN
2017-20SINGLE FAMILY HOUSE437 W. LONGDEN AVENUEARCADIA, CASCALE: 3/16" = 1'-0"
ROOF PLAN (MAIN HOUSE)
SCALE: 3/16" = 1'-0" 1,014 SQ. FT.
FLOOR PLAN (POOL HOUSE)
Date
Scale
Job
Sheet
Drawn
NO
REVISIONS
DATE
A-3
03-13-2018
SEE PLAN
2017-20POOL HOUSE437 W. LONGDEN AVENUEARCADIA, CAPOOL RM.WET BAR
POOL
BATH
SCALE: 3/16" = 1'-0"
ROOF PLAN (POOL HOUSE)
TRELLIS
411 S.F.
10'-0"
10'-0"
10'-0"
9'-0"
Protected Tree Report:
Tree Survey, Encroachment,
Protection and Mitigation
437 W. Longden Avenue
Arcadia, CA 91007
Prepared For: Mr. Robert Tong
Sanyao International, Inc.
255 E. Santa Clara Street, #200
Arcadia CA 91006
Tel: (626) 446-8048
Fax: (626) 446-7090
Email: Sanyao888@aol.com
Prepared By: Michael Crane
Arbor Care, Inc.
P.O. Box 51122
Pasadena, CA 91115
Tel: (626) 737-4007
Email: info@arborcareinc.net
February 2018
Table of Contents
Summary of Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Background and Purpose of Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Project Location, Description & Tree Ordinance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Tree Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Tree Characteristics & Health Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Construction Impact Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Design Analysis of Protected Tree Encroachments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Appendix A - Photos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Appendix B – Soil and Root Protection Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Appendix C - Protected Tree Construction Impact Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Author’s Certifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Certification of Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Site Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pocket at back
Protected Tree Report: Survey, Encroachment and Protection Plan
437 W. Longden Ave., Arcadia, 91007
Michael Crane, RCA #440. February 2018
1
SUMMARY OF DATA
BACKGROUND & PURPOSE
I was retained by the Project Manager, Mr. Robert Tong of Sanyao International, Inc. to be the
consulting arborist for the planned redevelopment of the property located at 437 W. Longden
Ave. There are Protected Trees located on the property, and encroaching over the property from
off-site. The proposed construction may impact these trees and this report will serve to both
notify the City of Arcadia Planning Division of the extent of the potential impacts as well as to
inform the builder of the proper protection measures which must be taken in order to preserve the
trees. As part of my preparation for this report I made a site visit to the property on February 5,
2018. I met with Mr. Tong at that time to view and discuss the proposed construction plans as
they relate to the preservation of the Protected Trees.
Total number of healthy Protected Trees on property including street trees
located in the adjacent public right-of-way area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Total number of off-site Protected Trees
with canopies (driplines) encroaching onto the property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Total number of diseased/hazardous Protected Trees on site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
Total number of healthy Protected Trees to be preserved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Total number of healthy Protected Trees to be removed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
Total number of Protected Trees that will be preserved, which will
be impacted by construction within dripline (encroached) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Total number of Protected Trees with no dripline encroachments . . . . . . . . . . . 0
Total number of proposed mitigation trees to be planted on site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
Protected Tree Report: Survey, Encroachment and Protection Plan
437 W. Longden Ave., Arcadia, 91007
Michael Crane, RCA #440. February 2018
2
PROJECT DESCRIPTION & TREE ORDINANCE
This aerial view (courtesy of Apple Maps) has been illustrated to show the
approximate boundary lines (orange).
The property consists of a one story single-family residence that appears to be in fair condition.
It is a flag lot with an approximately 350 foot-long driveway. The home will be demolished and
the property redeveloped into a two story single family home.
The landscape is minimally maintained and the woody plants and trees are in various
conditions. The Protected Trees appear to vary in health and structural condition. The
landscape will be renovated and the Protected Trees will be incorporated into the new design.
N
Protected Tree Report: Survey, Encroachment and Protection Plan
437 W. Longden Ave., Arcadia, 91007
Michael Crane, RCA #440. February 2018
4
TREE SURVEY
This table lists all oaks and sycamore trees with trunk diameters measuring four inches or greater located on or near the property, as
well as all other trees with trunk diameters measuring six inches or greater located on or encroaching onto the property. Off-site
trees are indicated with an “os” next to their tree numbers. Multi-trunked specimens are indicated next to the trunk diameter with an
“m” and the diameters of the two largest trunks are listed. A determination is then provided for the protected status of each tree
based on criteria of species, size and location. All street trees or trees in public areas are Protected regardless of species or size.
Tree numbers correspond to the tree locations plotted on the site plan included in this report and to all references to each tree in this
report. Only Protected Trees have numbered tags affixed to their trunks.
Tree Survey for 437 W. Longden Ave., Arcadia
Tree Identification Protected Status
Tree
# Botanical Name Common Name Trunk
Diameter
Protected
Species
Minimum
Required
Size
Street or
Public
Tree
PROTECTED
TREE
1 Melia azedarach Chinaberry 14" Yes Yes No Yes
2 Pinus halepensis Aleppo Pine 48” Yes Yes No Yes
3 Pinus halepensis Aleppo Pine 22" Yes Yes No Yes
4 Pinus halepensis Aleppo Pine 30” Yes Yes No Yes
5 Pinus halepensis Aleppo Pine 26” Yes Yes No Yes
6 Quercus agrifolia Coast Live Oak 18” Yes Yes No Yes
7 Quercus agrifolia Coast Live Oak 8” Yes Yes No Yes
8 Quercus agrifolia Coast Live Oak 12” Yes Yes No Yes
9 Quercus agrifolia Engelmann Oak 36” Yes Yes No Yes
10 Quercus agrifolia Coast Live Oak 14” Yes Yes No Yes
11 Ulmus parvifolia Chinese Elm 28” Yes Yes No Yes
12os Prunus laurocerasus Cherry Laurel 14” Yes Yes No Yes
Protected Tree Report: Survey, Encroachment and Protection Plan
437 W. Longden Ave., Arcadia, 91007
Michael Crane, RCA #440. February 2018
5
Tree Survey for 437 W. Longden Ave., Arcadia (continued)
Tree Identification Protected Status
Tree
# Botanical Name Common Name Trunk
Diameter
Protected
Species
Minimum
Required
Size
Street or
Public
Tree
PROTECTED
TREE
13os Fraxinus uhdei Shamel Ash 30" No Yes No No
14 Citrus sp. Citrus 8” No No No No
15 Malus sp. Apple 12" No Yes No No
16 Citrus sp. Citrus 6" No No No No
17 Citrus sp. Citrus 16” No Yes No No
18 Prunus persica Peach 4” No No No No
19 Quercus ilex Holly Oak 8” Yes No No No
20 Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum 8” No No No No
21 Phoenix canariensis Canary Is. Palm n/a No No No No
22 Washingtonia robusta Mexican Fan n/a No No No No
Protected Tree Report: Survey, Encroachment and Protection Plan
437 W. Longden Ave., Arcadia, 91007
Michael Crane, RCA #440. February 2018
6
This chart includes all Protected Trees that are either located or encroaching on the property. It provides physical data collected from
field observations. The trees have been surveyed and numbers correspond to the Site Plan included in this report. Tree numbers with
an “os” indicate that the specimen is located off-site and a portion of the canopy extends over the subject property. Trunk diameters of
multi-trunked specimens are listed as the cumulative of all trunks with an asterisk.
PROTECTED TREE CHARACTERISTICS & HEALTH MATRIX
CHARACTERISTICS HEALTH
SIZE FORM CROWN
CLASS
AGE
CLASS
FOLIAGE
DENSITY
SHOOT
GROWTH
WOUND
DEFENSE
VIGOR
CLASS TREE NUMBER SPECIES TRUNK DIAMETER (INCHES) APPROXIMATE HEIGHT (FEET) AVERAGE SPREAD (FEET) SYMMETRIC ASYMMETRIC DOMINANT CO-DOMINANT SUPPRESED YOUNG MATURE OVERMATURE NORMAL SPARSE DISEASE / INSECT AVERAGE POOR TWIG DIEBACK NORMAL POOR WOOD DECAY GOOD POOR DISEASED/HAZARDOUS 1 Melia azedarach 14 20 20 X
X
X
X
X
X
X
2 Pinus halepensis 48 100 75 X
X
X
X
X
X
X
3 Pinus halepensis 22 50 40
X X
X
X
X
X
X
4 Pinus halepensis 30 70 70
X X
X
X
X
X
X
5 Pinus halepensis 26 25 30
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
6 Quercus agrifolia 18 30 30
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
7 Quercus agrifolia 8 20 20 X
X
X
X
X
X
X
8 Quercus agrifolia 12 30 30
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
9 Quercus agrifolia 36 45 60 X
X
X
X
X
X
X
10 Quercus agrifolia 14 30 30 X
X
X
X
X
X
X
11 Ulmus parvifolia 28 35 60 X
X
X
X
X
X
X
12os Prunus laurocerasus 14 25 30
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Protected Tree Report: Survey, Encroachment and Protection Plan
437 W. Longden Ave., Arcadia, 91007
Michael Crane, RCA #440. February 2018
7
This chart includes all Protected Trees that are located on the property and any off-site Protected Trees encroaching on the property. It
provides data collected from the analysis of construction plans. The tree has been surveyed and numbers correspond to the Site Plan
included in this report. Tree numbers with an “os” indicate that the specimen is located off-site and a portion of the canopy extends
over the subject property. For rootzone impacts, the required excavation is considered only for unbuffered areas. Areas that
excavation will occur where existing similar infrastructure exists, e.g. overexcavation and compaction in the footprint of existing
home foundation, grading for driveway in the footprint of existing driveway, are considered non-encroachments.
PROTECTED TREE CONSTRUCTION IMPACTS MATRIX
TREE SPECIES SIZE &
CONDITION ROOTZONE IMPACTS REQUIRED PRUNING OF
LIVE CROWN TREE NUMBER Protected Trees:
• Quercus agrifolia,
engelmannii, and any
other species of
Quercus genus larger
than 12”
• Platanus racemosa
• Any tree located in the
public right-of-way
• All other species 12” or
larger that are not on
the exemption list TRUNK DIAMETER (DBH) CONDITION Sides of tree where excavation (six inches or deeper) will occur Sides where excavation impacts are buffered by existing infrastructure Excavation will remain a distance of at least 10 X DBH from trunk Excavation will remain a distance of at least 5 X DBH from trunk Excavation will remain a distance of at least 3 X DBH from the trunk Removal or Relocation Additional light grading less than 6" deep to occur within dripline Estimated % of total root mass to be removed or severed No Pruning Required Pruning not to exceed 10% Pruning not to exceed 30% Number of cuts larger than 3" in diameter required Diameter of cuts for branch removals 1 Melia azadarach 14 Good W W Yes <10 0 N/A
2 Pinus halepensis 48 Good N,E E Yes <10 0 N/A
3 Pinus halepensis 22 Fair E - Yes <10 0 N/A
4 Pinus halepensis 30 Fair N - Yes <10 0 N/A
Protected Tree Report: Survey, Encroachment and Protection Plan
437 W. Longden Ave., Arcadia, 91007
Michael Crane, RCA #440. February 2018
8
PROTECTED TREE CONSTRUCTION IMPACTS MATRIX
TREE SPECIES SIZE &
CONDITION ROOTZONE IMPACTS REQUIRED PRUNING OF
LIVE CROWN TREE NUMBER Protected Trees:
• Quercus agrifolia,
engelmannii, and any
other species of
Quercus genus larger
than 12”
• Platanus racemosa
• Any tree located in the
public right-of-way
• All other species 12” or
larger that are not on
the exemption list TRUNK DIAMETER (DBH) CONDITION Sides of tree where excavation (six inches or deeper) will occur Sides where excavation impacts are buffered by existing infrastructure Excavation will remain a distance of at least 10 X DBH from trunk Excavation will remain a distance of at least 5 X DBH from trunk Excavation will remain a distance of at least 3 X DBH from the trunk Removal or Relocation Additional light grading less than 6" deep to occur within dripline Estimated % of total root mass to be removed or severed No Pruning Required Pruning not to exceed 10% Pruning not to exceed 30% Number of cuts larger than 3" in diameter required Diameter of cuts for branch removals 5 Pinus halepensis 26 Good - - Yes <10 0 N/A
6 Quercus agrifolia 18 Poor E - Yes <20 0 N/A
7 Quercus agrifolia 8 Good E - Yes <20 0 N/A
8 Quercus agrifolia 12 Good W W Yes <20 0 N/A
9 Quercus agrifolia 36 Good S S Yes <20 0 N/A
10 Quercus agrifolia 14 Good - - Yes <10 0 N/A
11 Ulmus parvifolia 28 Good - - Yes <10 0 N/A
12 Prunus laurocerasus 14 Good - W Yes <10 0 N/A
Protected Tree Report: Survey, Encroachment and Protection Plan
437 W. Longden Ave., Arcadia, 91007
Michael Crane, RCA #440. February 2018
9
DESIGN ANALYSIS OF PROTECTED TREE ENCROACHMENTS
Refer to Site Plan located in pocket at back of this report, and Photos in Appendix
A, page 13.
Analysis regarding rootzone impacts are based on the type of impact, e.g, soil
compaction, grading, and excavation; as well as the distance from the trunk that the
impacts will occur. It is commonly accepted among professional arborists that a distance
equal to three times a trunks diameter contains the structural roots responsible for
keeping the tree upright. This critical rootzone area is defined as the root plate. Beyond
the root plate the roots typically taper off into smaller, less significant sizes. These
smaller roots are usually two inches in diameter or smaller and make up the rootmass
responsible for water and nutrient uptake. Although roots of these sizes can be cut
without significantly impacting health and stability it is advised that no more than 30
percent of the rootmass within the dripline is severed. The bulk of the rootmass is
located within the top three feet of soil and root growth slows or halts when soil bulk
density exceeds 1.60 g/cm3 for most soils. More information regarding rootzone impacts
is provided in the Excavation and Root Pruning section of the Construction Impact
Guidelines, Appendix B.
Tree #1 – 14” Chinaberry: Located along the driveway, close to the street entry. The
driveway will be replaced in the same footprint. Typical landscape renovations will
encroach. No pruning of the live crown is required to complete the project.
Tree #2 – 48” Aleppo Pine: Located near the existing driveway at the entrance to the lot
at the south property line. The driveway will be replaced in the same footprint. The
existing property line wall that encroaches will remain. Typical landscape renovations
will encroach. No pruning of the live crown is required to complete the project.
Tree #3 – 22” Aleppo Pine: Located in the front yard area along the south property line.
The new driveway will encroach the east edge of the dripline but will be built in the
footprint of the existing one. The existing property line wall that encroaches will remain.
Typical landscape renovations will encroach. No pruning of the live crown is required to
complete the project. Previous crown raising type pruning has diminished the live crown
ratio, which may affect the future structural integrity of the trunk.
Tree #4 – 30” Aleppo Pine: Located in the front yard area along the south property line.
No significant encroachments will occur. A water feature will be built on the north side
of the trunk but will set on grade with plumbing to run radially from the trunk to
minimize root pruning. The existing property line wall that encroaches will remain.
Typical landscape renovations will encroach. No pruning of the live crown is required to
Protected Tree Report: Survey, Encroachment and Protection Plan
437 W. Longden Ave., Arcadia, 91007
Michael Crane, RCA #440. February 2018
10
complete the project. Previous crown raising type pruning has diminished the live crown
ratio, which may affect the future structural integrity of the trunk.
Tree #5 – 26” Aleppo Pine: Located in the front yard area along the south property line.
No significant encroachments will occur. The existing property line wall that encroaches
will remain. Typical landscape renovations will encroach. No pruning of the live crown
is required to complete the project.
Tree #6 – 18” Coast Live Oak: Located in the west side yard area. The foundation for
the new home will be built 15 feet from the trunk on its east side and overexcavation to
construct the building pad may come as close as ten feet. Most of the excavation will
occur in the footprint of the existing home. The existing property line wall that
encroaches will remain. Typical landscape renovations will encroach. No pruning of the
live crown is required to complete the project.
Tree #7 – 8” Coast Live Oak: Located in the west side yard area, 15 feet from Tree #6.
The foundation for the new home will be built 10 feet from the trunk on its east side and
overexcavation to construct the building pad may come as close as five feet. Most of the
excavation will occur in the footprint of the existing home. The existing property line
wall that encroaches will remain. Typical landscape renovations will encroach. No
pruning of the live crown is required to complete the project.
Tree #8 – 12” Coast Live Oak: Located in the east side yard area a few feet from the
east property line. The foundation for the new home will be built 20 feet from the trunk
on its east side and overexcavation to construct the building pad may come as close as 15
feet. The new driveway will be built as close as five feet, and within the footprint of
existing concrete hardscape. The existing property line wall that encroaches will remain.
Typical landscape renovations will encroach. No pruning of the live crown is required to
complete the project.
Tree #9 – 36” Coast Live Oak: Located in the back yard area a few feet from the east
property line. The foundation for the new home will be built 30 feet from the trunk in the
southwest corner of the dripline and overexcavation to construct the building pad may
come as close as 20 feet. Connecting hardscape will come as close as 12 feet from the
trunk on the southwest. The existing property line wall that encroaches will remain.
Typical landscape renovations will encroach. No pruning of the live crown is required to
complete the project.
Tree #10 – 14” Coast Live Oak: Located in the back yard area. No significant
encroachments will occur. The existing property line wall that slightly encroaches will
Protected Tree Report: Survey, Encroachment and Protection Plan
437 W. Longden Ave., Arcadia, 91007
Michael Crane, RCA #440. February 2018
11
remain. Typical landscape renovations will encroach. No pruning of the live crown is
required to complete the project.
Tree #11 – 28” Chinese Elm: Located in the back yard area in the northeast corner. No
significant encroachments will occur. The existing property line walls that encroach will
remain. Typical landscape renovations will encroach. No pruning of the live crown is
required to complete the project.
Tree #12 – 14” Cherry Laurel: Located off-site on the property to the east. No
significant encroachments will occur. The existing property line wall that encroaches
will remain. Typical landscape renovations will encroach, but will be well buffered at the
property line by the footing of the existing concrete block wall. No pruning of the live
crown is required to complete the project.
FINDINGS
• All Protected Trees can be reliably preserved in place. The required excavation
will occur on one side of each tree and all excavation will be at tolerable distances
from the trunks, which equal or greater than five times the diameter.
• The primary haul route will be the existing driveway area. Sufficient parking and
staging can be established in the front yard area, but will require soil and root
zone protection material in the Tree Protection Zone.
• Most of the Aleppo Pines (Trees #2-#5) were previously excessively crown-
raised, and they now have a reduced live crown ratio, which may affect the future
structural integrity of the trunks. Corrective pruning should be considered
throughout the course of the construction and beyond.
• No pruning of the live crowns of the Protected Trees is required to complete the
project.
RECOMMENDATIONS
As with many construction projects, soil compaction is the most preventable impact that
will need to be monitored in order to provide reliable protection and long-term
preservation of the trees. To prevent unnecessary soil compaction a Tree Protection
Zones must be established around the Protected Trees before any demolition occurs. The
goal is to enclose the largest possible amount of space underneath the tree so that the
heavy equipment required for demolition and construction can be routed away from root
zones. The recommended Protection Zones are drawn in dashed lines on the Site Plan of
this report.
Protected Tree Report: Survey, Encroachment and Protection Plan
437 W. Longden Ave., Arcadia, 91007
Michael Crane, RCA #440. February 2018
12
• Prior to demolition the contractor and consulting arborist shall meet on site to
make sure Tree Protection Zones are established and to review the goals for the
tree protection plan. The locations and areas of the Protection Zones are
drawn with a dashed line on the Site Plan included in this report.
• Tree Protection Zone fences shall be at least four feet tall and constructed of chain
link fencing secured on metal posts. Where fences are not feasible, e.g., in haul
routes or areas where workers will need frequent access, soil and root protection
material can be installed. Examples of these are provided in Appendix B
• Maintain the fences and/or soil protection material throughout the completion of
the project. No staging of materials or equipment or washing-out is to occur
within the fenced protected zones.
• Any excavation or trenching that is required within the designated Protection
Zone shall be monitored by the arborist of record.
• The removal of existing vegetation near the Protected Trees shall be done by
hand. No rototilling or other deep cultivation or grading shall occur within the
driplines.
• Refer to the Construction Impact Guidelines in Appendix C for important general
preservation measures concerning the different elements of this project.
Protected Tree Report: Survey, Encroachment and Protection Plan
437 W. Longden Ave., Arcadia, 91007
Michael Crane, RCA #440. February 2018
13
APPENDIX A – Photos
ABOVE: Looking south at Tree #1 from near the beginning of the long
driveway. This is the only Protected Tree located along the driveway, which
will be renovated. BELOW: Looking south down the driveway at the end
where it connects to the lot.
1
Protected Tree Report: Survey, Encroachment and Protection Plan
437 W. Longden Ave., Arcadia, 91007
Michael Crane, RCA #440. February 2018
14
ABOVE and BELOW: Looking south at Trees #2, #3, #4 and #5, which are
all Aleppo Pines that qualify as Protected Trees. They line the south
property line and all will be preserved. The trees have previously been
rather awkwardly crown-raised, but are still in fair structural condition.
2
5
3
4
4 3
19
Protected Tree Report: Survey, Encroachment and Protection Plan
437 W. Longden Ave., Arcadia, 91007
Michael Crane, RCA #440. February 2018
15
ABOVE: Looking north at Trees #6 and #7, both which are Coast Live
Oaks. The new home will encroach but the excavation will occur primarily
in the footprint of the existing home. BELOW: Tree #9, a very nice Coast
Live Oak specimen, will have very minor encroachments from construction.
6
9
7
Protected Tree Report: Survey, Encroachment and Protection Plan
437 W. Longden Ave., Arcadia, 91007
Michael Crane, RCA #440. February 2018
16
ABOVE: Looking northeast at Trees #10 and #11, located in the back yard
area near the northeast corner of the property. BELOW: Looking south at
Tree #8 as well as an off-site Cherry Laurel (Tree #12) The existing
property line wall will remain.
10
8
11
12
25
Protected Tree Report: Survey, Encroachment and Protection Plan
437 W. Longden Ave., Arcadia, 91007
Michael Crane, RCA #440. February 2018
17
APPENDIX B - Soil and Root Protection Within the Tree Protection Zone
If traffic cannot be kept outside of the Tree Protection Zone for the entire duration of
construction, actions can be taken to disperse the vehicular load and protect the roots,
minimizing soil compaction and mechanical root damage. These include:
1) Applying 6 to 12 inches of wood chip mulch to the area.
2) Laying ¾-inch thick plywood or 4x4 inch wood beams over a 4+ inch thick
layer of wood chip mulch.
2) Applying 4 to 6 inches of gravel over a taut, staked geotextile fabric.
4) Placing commercial logging or road mats on top of a mulch layer.
Stone, geotextile, and mulch exceeding 4 inches thick will need to be removed from the
TPZ once the threat of soil or root damage has passed.
Protected Tree Report: Survey, Encroachment and Protection Plan
437 W. Longden Ave., Arcadia, 91007
Michael Crane, RCA #440. February 2018
18
APPENDIX C - Protected Tree Construction Impact Guidelines
Size and Distribution of Tree Roots – Taken from Arboriculture, Integrated
Management of Landscape Trees Shrubs and Vines. Harris, R.W., Clark, J.W., Matheny
N.P. Prentice Hall 2004.
Roots of most plants, including large trees, grow primarily in the top meter (3 ft) of soil
(see figure below). Most plants concentrate the majority of their small absorbing roots in
the upper 150 mm (6 in.) of soil if the surface is protected by a mulch or forest litter. In
the absence of a protective mulch, exposed bare soil can become so hot near the surface
that roots do not grow in the upper 200 to 250 mm (8 to 10 in.). Under forest and many
landscape situations, however, soil near the surface is most favorable for root growth. In
addition, roots tend to grow at about the same soil depth regardless of the slope of the soil
surface.
Although root growth is greatly influenced by soil conditions, individual roots seem to
have an inherent guidance mechanism. Large roots with vigorous tips usually grow
horizontally. Similar roots lateral to the large roots grow at many angles to the vertical,
and some grow up into the surface soil. However, few roots in a root system actually
grow down.
Protected Tree Report: Survey, Encroachment and Protection Plan
437 W. Longden Ave., Arcadia, 91007
Michael Crane, RCA #440. February 2018
19
The importance of soil
Soil supports and anchors tree roots and provides water, minerals and oxygen.
Furthermore, soil is a habitat for soil microorganisms that enhance root function. A soil’s
ability to sustain tree growth is largely determined by its texture, structure (bulk density),
organic matter, water and mineral content, salinity, aeration, and soil-microbe abundance
and diversity.
Soil physical properties
Soil texture – the relative proportion of sand, silt and clay, is important because it affects
water – and nutrient-holding capacity, drainage and aeration (gaseous diffusion). Soil
structure is the arrangement of individual soil particles into clumps (aggregates). The net
result is the formulation of larger voids between the aggregates which serve as channels
for gaseous diffusion, movement of water and root penetration. Unfortunately, soil
aggregates are readily destroyed by activities that compact the soil (increase bulk
density). When this occurs, gaseous exchange, permeability, drainage and root growth
are restricted.
The influence of the organic matter content of soil properties is quiet significant. Its
decomposition by soil organisms releases substances that bind soil particles into larger
granules, which improves both soil aeration, and drainage. In essence, the breakdown of
organic matter improves water – and nutrient-holding capacity and reduces bulk density.
Furthermore, it is the primary source of nitrogen and a major source of nitrogen and a
major source of phosphorus and sulfur. Without organic matter soil organisms could not
survive and most biochemical processes in the soil would cease.
Soil aeration, the movement and the availability of oxygen, is determined by both soil
texture and structure. In general, compacted and finer soils, due to a higher proportion of
small pore spaces (micropores), tend to drain slowly and hold less air than coarser, sandy,
or well-structured find soils. Water retained in the small pores displaces oxygen and
inhibits gaseous diffusion.
The availability of soil water is largely determined by the size of the pore spaces between
the soil particles and the larger aggregates in which water is held. Most of the water in
the larger pore spaces drains readily due to gravitational forces. A relatively thin film of
water, which is readily available to plant roots, remains following drainage. Much of
water held within the smaller pore spaces resists uptake by plant roots because it is held
tightly on the soil surfaces.
Plant roots require an adequate supply of oxygen for development. Injury or dysfunction
results when oxygen availability drops below a critical level. Root respiration is the first
process to be restricted, followed by disruptions in growth, metabolism, nutrient and
water uptake, and photosynthesis. Furthermore, the accumulation of high levels of
carbon dioxide, produced by the roots during respiration can also impair root function.
Reduced soil aeration resulting from soil compaction, flooding, excess irrigation, or
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impervious pavement favors the development of crown rot (Phytophthora root disease).
It also inhibits mycorrhizal fungi that enhance water and nutrient uptake and resist root
pathogens.
The forest floor under a canopy in most undeveloped forests and woodland settings is
typically covered by a layer of fallen leaves and other woody debris. It is usually cool,
shady, well-aerated, and relatively moist – conditions that favor normal root growth.
When the natural leaf litter is removed and when a tree’s lower canopy is pruned up to
provide clearance, the absorbing roots in the upper few inches of the soil experience
higher soil temperatures and increased desiccation due to direct exposure to sunlight.
Minimizing the Effects of Construction and Development on Tree Root Systems
Activities that injure roots or adversely affect the root zone should be avoided or kept as
far from the trunk as possible. Design changes or alternative building practices that avoid
or minimize construction-related impacts should be considered and proposed when
applicable.
Soil Compaction
Soils are intentionally compacted under structures, sidewalks, reads, parking areas, and
load-bearing fill to prevent subsidence, and to prevent soil movement on slopes.
Although unintentional, soil within the root zone of trees is often compacted by
unrestricted foot traffic, parking of vehicles, operation of heavy equipment, and during
installation of fill. Compaction destroys the soil’s natural porosity by eliminating much
of the air space contained within it. It leaves the soil hard and impenetrable and largely
unfavorable for root growth. The soil’s natural porosity, which allows for water
movement and storage, gaseous exchange, and root penetration, is greatly reduced.
Consequently, root growth and tree health suffer. Soil compaction is best managed by
preventing it.
Bulk density is used to describe a soil’s porosity, or the amount of space between soil
particles and aggregates. High bulk densities indicate a low percentage of total pore
space.
Pavement
Paving over the root systems of trees is another serious problem because it reduces the
gaseous diffusion and soil moisture. Most paving materials are relatively impervious to
water penetration and typically divert water away from a tree’s root zone. Cracks and
expansion joints do, though, allow for some water infiltration into the soil below. Of
greater concern, is the loss of roots from excavation to achieve the required grade, and
the necessary compaction to prevent subsidence. Once the soil surface is compacted, a
base material is then added and compacted as well. With that done, the surface can then
be paved. Thus, pavement within the root zones of trees can damage roots and create
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unfavorable soil conditions. One alternative to minimize pavement impacts is to consider
placing the pavement on the natural grade over a layer of minimally compacted base
material. To reduce sub-grade compaction, consider using reinforced concrete or asphalt
over a goetextile blanket to help stabilize the soil. On-grade patios or paving that covers
more than one-third of the tree protection zone (TPZ) should be constructed using
permeable materials that allow aeration and water penetration. Soil under permeable
surfaces should not be compacted to more than 80 percent.
Excavation and root pruning
Excavation within the root zones of trees should be avoided as much as possible. The
extent of root pruning (selective) or cutting (non-selective) should be based on the
species growth characteristics and adaptive traits, environmental conditions, age, health,
crown size, density, live crown ration and structural condition of the tree. The timing of
the root pruning or cutting is another important consideration. Moderate to severe root
loss during droughts or particularly hot periods can cause serious water-deficit injury or
death.
When root pruning/ cutting is unavoidable, roots should be pruned or cut as far from the
trunk as possible. Cutting roots on more than one side of a tree should also be avoided.
Root cutting extending more than half-way around a tree should generally be no closer
than about 10 times the trunk diameter. Recommended distances range from as little as 6
times trunk diameter (DBH) for young trees to 12 times trunk diameter for mature trees.
The size of the TPZ should, however, be increased for over mature and declining trees
and species that are sensitive to root loss.
The minimum distance from the trunk that roots can be cut on one side of the tree without
destabilizing it, is a distance equal to about three times the diameter (DBH) of the trunk.
Roots severed within that distance provide little or no structural support. Root pruning or
cutting distances from the trunk should be greater for trees that lean and/ or those
growing on shallow or wet soil.
In cases where the proposed grading will adversely affect trees designated for retention,
special attention should be given to proper root pruning and post-construction care for
injured trees. Where structural footings are required for foundations, retaining walls, etc.,
and roots larger than 2 inches in diameter will be impacted, consider design changes or
alternative building methods.
When excavation within 5 times trunk diameter is unavoidable, roots greater than 1 ½
inches in diameter should be located prior to excavation and then pruned to avoid
unnecessary damage. Hand-digging or use of a hydraulic or pneumatic soil excavation
tool is the least disruptive way to locate roots for pruning. Although mechanical root
pruners make clean cuts, they are non-selective. A backhoe bucket, dozer blade or
trencher will typically pull, rip or shatter the larger root, causing additional damage
toward the tree. Once the roots that interfere with the structure being built, e.g.,
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foundations, footings, retaining wall, curbs, etc., are exposed, they should then be cut
perpendicular to their long axis using a hand-saw, ‘carbide-tipped chainsaw’ or sharp ax,
depending on size. Roots that are pruned in this manner typically regenerate new roots
from near the cut. Roots exposed by excavation should be protected from exposure to
sun and desiccation. Exposed roots that can not be covered with soil by the end of the
day should be covered with moistened burlap or similar material.
Roots can generally be cut in a non-selective manner when excavating near of beyond the
dripline. Ripped, splintered or fractured portions of roots however, should be re-cut. The
damaged portion should be removed using sharp tools. The cut should be flat across the
root with the adjacent bark intact. Wound dressings should not be applied to pruned or
damaged roots except when recommended for disease, insect or sprout control.
The best approach to avoid water-deficit injury following root loss during the growing
season is to provide ample irrigation. Irrigation should be considered prior to, during,
and after root pruning. Watering schedules should also consider local soil conditions,
climate, topography, time of year, species adaptability, extent of root pruning and tree
health. If possible, irrigate the tree 7 to 10 days prior to excavation so that there is an
adequate reservoir of soil water. Water can be delivered to large construction sites via
water-tank trucks and applied directly to affected trees or stored nearby in plastic tanks.
On relatively flat terrain, a 6 to 8 inch soil berm at the tree’s dripline should be
constructed to act as a watering basin. On steep terrain, soaker hoses should be used.
They can be placed across the slope or spirally around the trunk, from about six feet away
to the dripline. In addition, a two to four inch layer of wood chip mulch should be
applied to as much of the root zone as possible to retard soil water loss.
Pruning foliage to compensate for root loss is not supported by scientific research and
likely to result in slower recovery. Fertilization to stimulate root growth is generally
unwarranted and may be counterproductive.
Trenching within the Tree Protection Zone
Trenching for underground utilities should be routed around the TPZ. When this is
unavoidable, trenching within the TPZ should be done by ‘hand’ or using a pneumatic or
hydraulic soil excavation tool, carefully working around larger roots. Roots larger than
1 ½ inches in diameter should not be cut. Dig below these roots to route utilities or
install drains. A combination of tools can also produce satisfactory results, for example,
a skillful backhoe operator under the arborist’s supervision can dig down several inches
at a time and detect larger roots by ‘feel’ (resistance). At that point, as assistant can
expose the root and dig around it. In this manner, the backhoe can then continue
extending the trench though the TPZ. Tunneling (boring) through the TPZ is the
preferable alternative. For most large trees, tunneling depth should be at least 36 inches.
Tunneling should begin at the edge of the TPZ, but no closer than a distance equal to one
foot of clearance for each inch of tree DBH. Tunnels should also be offset to either side
of the trunk. For trenching that extends only part way into TPZ, consider trenching
radially to the tree trunk, as this is less harmful than tangential trenching. All trenches
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made within the TPZ should be backfilled as quickly as possible to prevent root and soil
desiccation.
Managing Root Injured Trees
Root-pruned trees should be monitored for symptoms of water-deficit injury for a
specified period following root pruning. Irrigation should be considered prior to, during,
and after root pruning. Irrigation schedules should consider local soil conditions, climate,
topography, time of year, species tolerance, extent of root pruning and tree health.
Grade Change: Fill Soil
Fill soil placed within the root zones of trees can have an adverse effect, particularly if
the soil is compacted to support a structure or pavement. Soil compaction reduces
aeration and water infiltration. Fill soil, die to textural changes, can also prevent water
from penetrating the original soil layer below where the roots are. Furthermore, soil
placed against the root crown and lower trunk can lead to root disease problems,
especially if the soil near the trunk remains moist during the summer from irrigation.
Alternatives to placing fills over roots zones shall be considered and proposed as
appropriate.
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AUTHOR’S CREDENTIALS
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CERTIFICATION OF PERFORMANCE
I, Michael Crane, certify that:
• I have personally inspected the tree(s) and the property referred to in this report and have
stated my findings accurately.
• I have no current or prospective interest in the vegetation or the property that is the
subject of this report and have no personal interest or bias with respect to the parties
involved.
• The analysis, opinions, and conclusions stated herein are my own and are based on
current scientific procedures and facts.
• My analysis, opinions, and conclusions were developed and this report has been prepared
according to commonly accepted arboricultural practices.
• No one provided significant professional assistance to me, except as indicated within the
report.
• My compensation is not contingent upon the reporting of a predetermined conclusion that
favors the cause of the client or any other party not upon the results of the assessment, the
attainment of stipulated results, or the occurrence of any subsequent events.
I further certify that I am a member in good standing of the American Society of
Consulting Arborists and the International Society of Arboriculture. I have been
involved in the field of Horticulture in a full-time capacity for a period of more than 25
years.
Signed: ____________________________
Registered Consulting Arborist #440; American Society of Consulting Arborist
Board Certified Master Arborist #WE 6643B; International Society of Arboriculture
Licensed California Agricultural Pest Control Adviser #AA08269
February 13, 2018
Date: ______________________________
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City of Arcadia Tree Ordinance
Oaks, Sycamore, and many other tree species are Protected under the various tree
ordinances. Here is a summary of the tree protection laws.
On January 21, 1992 the City Council adopted Ordinance No. 1962 recognizing oak trees as significant aesthetic
and ecological resources and establishing criteria for the preservation of oak trees. The regulations (Chapter 7 of
the Arcadia Municipal Code) provide that the following oak trees shall not be removed, relocated, damaged, or
have their protected zones encroached upon unless an Oak Tree Permit is granted:
• Engelmann Oaks (Quercus engelmannii) or Coast Live Oak, California Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia)
which have a trunk diameter larger than four (4) inches measured at a point four and one half (4 ½) feet
above the crown root, or, two (2) or more trunks measuring three (3) inches each or greater in diameter,
measured at a point four and one half (4 ½) feet above the crown root.
• Any other living oak tree with a trunk diameter larger than twelve (12) inches measured at a point four
and one half (4 ½) feet above the crown root, or, two (2) or more trunks measuring ten (10) inches each
or greater in diameter measured at a point four and one half (4 ½) feet above the crown root.
On March 3, 2015, the City Council adopted Ordinance No. 2323 amending the code to add Sycamore trees to the
list of City's Tree Preservation Regulations. The protected trees are Oak and Sycamore trees. Protected Sycamore
trees are defined as:
• Plantanus racemosa (Sycamore) with a trunk diameter larger than six (6) inches measured at a point four
and one-half (4½) feet above the root crown, or two (2) or more trunks measuring four (4) inches each or
greater in diameter, measured at a point four and one-half (4½) feet above the root crown.
On August 2, 2016, The City Council adopted Ordinance No. 2338 to add additional protected trees and unprotected
trees to the City’s tree preservation regulations. In September, the City began protecting mature trees that are located
within a required front, side, street-side, or rear yard setback area that are either larger than 12 inches in diameter or
two or more trunks larger than 10 inches in diameter if there are multiple trunks.
Below is a list of the unprotected trees:
1. Fruit trees
2. Fraxinus uhdei (Shamel Ash)
3. Ficuses – Exception: Ficus macrophylla (Moreton Bay Fig)
4. Eucalyptus
5. Ailanthus altissima (Tree of Heaven)
6. Arecaceae (Palm Tree)
7. Schinus terebinthifolius (Brazilian Pepper)
8. Ceratonia siliqua (Carob)
9. Betula pendula (European White Birch)
10. Grevillea robusta (Silk Oak)
11. Morus (Mulberry)
12. Acer saccharinum (Silver Maple)
13. Cupressus sempervirens (Italian cypress)
14. Populus Fremontii (Western Cottonwood)
15. Alnus rhombifolia (White Alder)
16. Populus trichocarpa (Black Cottonwood)
17. Populus ‘Highland’ hybrid
18. Salix lasiolepis (Arroyo Willow)
19. Liquidambars (Sweet Gum)