HomeMy WebLinkAboutItem 09b - Tutoring and Educational Centers in Places of Religious Assembly
DATE: November 7, 2023
TO: Honorable Mayor and City Council
FROM: Jason Kruckeberg, Assistant City Manager/Development Services Director
Lisa Flores, Deputy Development Services Director
Prepared By: Edwin Arreola, Associate Planner
SUBJECT: ORDINANCE NO. 2397 RELATED TO TEXT AMENDMENT NO. 23-01
AMENDING DIVISION 2 OF ARTICLE IX, CHAPTER 1 (DEVELOPMENT
CODE) OF THE ARCADIA MUNICIPAL CODE TO ALLOW TUTORING
AND EDUCATIONAL CENTERS IN PLACES OF RELIGIOUS ASSEMBLY
THROUGH A CONDITIONAL USE PERMIT
CEQA: Exempt
Recommendation: Adopt
SUMMARY
At its regular meeting on October 3, 2023, the City Council introduced Ordinance No.
2397 to approve text amendments to various sections of the Arcadia Municipal Code to
increase artificial turf allowances in residential zones and allow tutoring and educational
centers in places of religious assembly through a Conditional Use Permit; this Ordinance
was approved by the City Council.
On October 17, 2023, the City Council voted to table the proposed text amendments on
artificial turf in residential zones and directed the amendments to allow tutoring and
educational centers in places of religious assembly, be brought back separately at the
next City Council Meeting. It is recommended that the City Council adopt Ordinance No.
2397 as it relates only to the changes to tutoring and educational centers in places of
religious assembly.
DISCUSSION
At the October 3, 2023, City Council meeting, a public hearing was held to consider
Ordinance No. 2397 to approve Text Amendment No. 23-01, amending various sections
of Article IX, Chapter 1 (Development Code) of the Arcadia Municipal Code to increase
the allowable area for artificial turf in residential zones and allow tutoring and educational
centers in places of religious assembly through a Conditional Use Permit – refer to
Attachment No. 2. The motion was approved by the City Council and the Ordinance was
introduced.
Adoption of Ordinance No. 2397 – TA 23-01
November 7, 2023
Page 2 of 3
At the October 17, 2023, City Council meeting, when the Ordinance was presented for a
second reading and adoption, the City Council read two email public comments from the
Chairs of the Architectural Review Boards (“ARBs”) for the Rancho Santa Anita Lower
Rancho and Santa Anita Village. The comments from the two Chairpersons were in
opposition to the proposed text amendments to the regulations on artificial turf – refer to
Attachment No. 3. Aside from the two email public comments, there was no additional
public testimony.
The City Council discussed this item further and Council Member Kwan expressed her
concerns that more outreach and input was needed from the community on the proposed
changes to artificial turf. As a result, the City Council unanimously agreed to table the
artificial turf portion of the text amendment to give an opportunity to conduct additional
outreach and obtain more input from residents on this proposal. Subsequently, the City
Council also instructed staff to proceed with the second text amendment related to
tutoring and educational centers.
It should be noted that at the October 3, 2023, City Council meeting, Council Member
Wang recused herself from a portion of the discussion regarding tutoring and educational
centers, due to her involvement in that industry in Arcadia. No further discussion was held
on tutoring and educational centers at the regular meeting on October 17, 2023.
With these changes, the Ordinance was revised to reflect only the text amendment to
allow tutoring and educational centers in places of religious assembly through a
Conditional Use Permit – refer to Attachment No. 1. In response to the City Council’s
direction, an article on the proposed changes to artificial turf was published in the City’s
Fall Newsletter, which is sent to every household in Arcadia. The Newsletter details the
proposed changes to artificial turf, pros and cons of artificial turf use, and how residents
can provide more input on the proposal.
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
The proposed changes to the Development Code to allow tutoring and educational
centers in places of religious assembly through a Conditional Use Permit are exempt from
the requirements of the California Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”) pursuant to
Section 15061(b)(3), as it can be seen with certainty that the proposed text amendments
would not have a significant effect on the environment, and thus, are not subject to CEQA
review.
RECOMMENDATION
It is recommended that the City Council find that the proposed action is exempt from
CEQA; and adopt Ordinance No. 2397 related to Text Amendment No. 23-01 amending
Division 2 of the Article IX, Chapter 1 (Development Code) of the Arcadia Municipal Code
to allow tutoring and educational centers in places of religious assembly through a
Conditional Use Permit.
Adoption of Ordinance No. 2397 – TA 23-01
November 7, 2023
Page 3 of 3
Attachment No. 1: Ordinance No. 2397
Attachment No. 2: City Council Staff Reports (with no attachments), dated October 3,
2023 and October 17, 2023
Attachment No. 3: Letters from the Santa Anita Lower Rancho and Santa Anita Village
ARBs
1
ORDINANCE NO. 2397
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF ARCADIA,
CALIFORNIA, RELATED TO TEXT AMENDMENT NO. 23-01 AMENDING
DIVISION 2 OF ARTICLE IX, CHAPTER 1 (DEVELOPMENT CODE) OF
THE ARCADIA MUNICIPAL CODE TO ALLOW TUTORING AND
EDUCATIONAL CENTERS IN PLACES OF RELIGIOUS ASSEMBLY
THROUGH A CONDITIONAL USE PERMIT
WHEREAS, the Development Services Department initiated a text amendment to
amend and update various sections of the City’s Development Code under Text
Amendment No. 23-01 (referred to as “Text Amendment”); and
WHEREAS, the Text Amendment proposed changes to Article IX, Chapter 1, of
the Municipal Code pertaining to: (i) allowing tutoring and educational centers in places
of religious assembly through a Conditional Use Permit as shown under Exhibit “A” of this
Ordinance; and (ii) allowing more artificial turf in the front and street side yards on
residentially zoned properties; and
WHEREAS, on June 5, 2023, Planning Services completed an environmental
review of the proposed Text Amendment and determined that it is exempt from review
under the California Environmental Quality Act ("CEQA") pursuant to Section 15061 (b)(3)
of the CEQA Guidelines, where it can be seen with certainty that the Text Amendment
would not have a significant effect on the environment and, thus, the proposed Text
Amendment is not subject to CEQA review; and
WHEREAS, on July 25, 2023, the Planning Commission held a duly-noticed public
hearing and considered the Text Amendment; there was one public comment in favor of
the proposed changes from one of the affected property owners with non-permitted
artificial turf; and
Attachment No. 1
2
WHEREAS, after the public hearing, the Planning Commission adopted Resolution
No. 2129 with a 4-0 vote, recommending that the City Council approve the Text
Amendment; and
WHEREAS, on September 14, 2023, the City published notice of the City Council
public hearing concerning the Text Amendment in a newspaper of general circulation
(Arcadia Weekly); and
WHEREAS, on October 3, 2023, the City Council held a duly noticed public hearing
on the Text Amendment, at which time all interested persons were given full opportunity
to be heard and to present evidence; and
WHEREAS, after the public hearing, the City Council took two separate actions on
the Text Amendment. The first motion was a 4-0 vote (with Councilmember Wang
recused) to approve the text amendment and introduce Ordinance No. 2397 to allow
tutoring and educational centers in places of religious assembly through a Conditional
Use Permit. The second motion was a 5-0 vote to approve the second text amendment
and introduce Ordinance No. 2397 to allow more artificial turf in the front and street side
yards on residentially zoned properties; and
WHEREAS, on October 17, 2023, the City Council voted 4-0 (with Councilmember
Wang recused) to approve the text amendment and re-introduce Ordinance No. 2397 to
allow tutoring and education centers in places of religious assembly through a Conditional
Use Permit without substantive modification but severed from the proposed text
amendments to regulations on artificial turf, which the City Council voted unanimously to
table for further discussion.
3
NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF ARCADIA,
CALIFORNIA DOES ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS:
SECTION 1. The factual data submitted by the Development Services
Department in the October 3, 2023, staff report is true and correct.
SECTION 2. This City Council finds, based upon the entire record, including
without limitation to the staff report and related documents presented before the City
Council:
1. The proposed Development Code amendment is consistent with the goals,
policies, and objectives of the General Plan and any applicable specific plan(s).
FACTS: The proposed amendments are consistent with the policies of the General
Plan, which serves as a guide to address the long-term physical development and growth
of the City.
The proposed amendment to allow tutoring and educational centers to serve as
accessory uses at places of religious assembly through a Conditional Use Permit process
is consistent with the General Plan because it encourages the City to tailor its regulations
to respond to the market as it changes, maximize revenue, and maintain appropriate
business mix and to provide economic opportunities for the various uses in the City.
Allowing tutoring and educational centers would be an appropriate mix of uses within a
place of religious assembly since many of these religious facilities already offer this type
of service or programs through their ministry and have the facility to accommodate such
use. This proposed amendment is consistent with the following General Plan goal and
policies:
Economic Development Element
4
• Policy ED-1.9: Tailor regulations to respond to market changes, maximize
revenue, and maintain the appropriate business mix.
Land Use Element
• Goal LU-1: A balance of land uses that preserves Arcadia’s status as a
Community of Homes and a community of opportunity.
• Policy LU-1.2: Promote new uses of land that provide diverse economic,
social, and cultural opportunities, and that reinforce the characteristics that make Arcadia
a desirable place to live.
The proposed amendment to allow tutoring and educational centers in places of
religious assembly will help the existing religious organizations provide other
opportunities that are currently compatible with their existing operation. Therefore, the
proposed Text Amendment and ordinance are consistent with the City’s adopted General
Plan and any applicable specific plan(s).
2. The proposed Text Amendment is internally consistent with other applicable
provisions of this Development Code.
FACTS: The proposed amendment is internally consistent with other applicable
provisions of this Development Code in that tutoring and educational centers within
places of religious assembly would be subject to a discretionary review through a
Conditional Use Permit to ensure that all potential impacts will be addressed and that
the proposed use would be compatible with the existing use on-site and with the
surrounding business and/or community. Therefore, the Text Amendment is internally
consistent with other applicable provisions of this Development Code.
5
SECTION 3. The City Council hereby determines that the Text Amendment is
exempt from review under the California Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”) pursuant
to Section 15061(b)(3) which exempts from review where it can be seen with certainty
that there is no possibility that the Text Amendment may have a significant effect on the
environment and thus, is not subject to CEQA review.
SECTION 4. The City Council hereby adopts Ordinance No. 2397 to allow tutoring
and educational centers in places of religious assembly through a Conditional Use
Permit.
SECTION 5. The City Clerk shall certify to the adoption of this Ordinance and shall
cause a copy of same to be posted per Resolution No. 7483. This Ordinance shall take
effect on the thirty-first (31st) day after its adoption.
6
Passed, and adopted this 7th day of November, 2023.
Mayor of the City of Arcadia
ATTEST:
City Clerk
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
Michael J. Maurer
City Attorney
7
[Page Left Intentionally Blank]
8
EXHIBIT “A”
Development Code, Division 2 – Land Use Regulations and Allowable
Uses
9
Development Code - Division 2 – Land Use Regulations and Allowable Uses
The new language is shown in “red.” Strikethrough for any language to deleted
9102.01.020 Land Use Regulations and Allowable Uses Amended by Ord. No. 2347 Amended by Ord. No. 2348
Amended by Ord. No. 2363
Amended by Ord. No. 2369 & 2370 A. Allowed Uses. Table 2-1 (Allowed Uses and Permit Requirements for Residential Zones) indicates the uses
allowed within each residential zone and any permits required to establish the use, pursuant to Division 7 (Permit
Processing Procedures). The regulations for each zone are established by letter designations as follows:
“P” represents permitted (allowed) uses.
“A” represents accessory uses.
“M” designates uses that require the approval of a Minor Use Permit subject to requirements of Section
9107.09 (Conditional Use Permit and Minor Use Permit) of this Development Code.
“C” designates uses that require the approval of a Conditional Use Permit subject to requirements of Section
9107.09 (Conditional Use Permit and Minor Use Permit) of this Development Code.
“--” designates uses that are not permitted.
B. Director Determination. Land uses are defined in Division 9 (Definitions). In cases where a specific land use or
activity is not defined, the Director shall assign the land use or activity to a classification substantially similar in
character. Land uses not listed in the table or not found to be substantially similar to the land uses below are
prohibited.
C. Specific Use Regulations. Where the last column in Table 2-1 (Allowed Uses and Permit Requirements for
Residential Zones) includes a Section, Subsection, or Division number, the regulations in the referenced
Section, Subsection, or Division shall apply to the use.
Table 2-1 Allowed Uses and Permit Requirements for Residential Zones
P Permitted A Permitted as an Accessory Use
M Minor Use Permit Required C Conditional Use Permit Required
-- Not Allowed
Land Use R-M R-0 R-1 R-2 R-3 R-3-R Specific Use
Regulations
Other Uses
Antennas and Wireless Communication
Facilities - Co-location or Panel
--
--
--
--
P
P
Exception: All facilities
are permitted on City-
owned properties and
public rights-of-way. New
standalone facilities are
not permitted in
10
9102.03.020 Land Use Regulations and Allowable Uses Amended by Ord. No. 2375
A. Allowed Uses. Table 2-8 (Allowed Uses and Permit Requirements for Commercial and Industrial Zones) indicates the
land use regulations for Commercial and Industrial zones and any permits required to establish the use, pursuant to
Division 7 (Permit Processing Procedures). The regulations for each zone are established by letter designations as follows:
“P” represents permitted (allowed) uses.
“A” represents accessory uses.
“M” designates uses that require the approval of a Minor Use Permit subject to requirements of Section
9107.09 (Conditional Use Permits and Minor Use Permits) of this Development Code.
“C” designates uses that require the approval of a Conditional Use Permit subject to requirements of Section
9107.09 (Conditional Use Permits and Minor Use Permits) of this Development Code.
“--” designates uses that are not permitted.
B. Director Determination. Land uses are defined in Division 9 (Definitions). In cases where a specific land use or activity
is not defined, the Director shall assign the land use or activity to a classification substantially similar in character. Land
uses not listed in the table or not found to be substantially similar to the land uses below are prohibited.
C. Specific Use Regulations. Where the last column in Table 2-8 includes a Section, Subsection, or Division number, the
regulations in the referenced Section, Subsection, or Division shall apply to the use.
Table 2-8 Allowed Uses and Permit
Requirements for Commercial and Industrial Zones
P Permitted by Right (1) A Permitted as an Accessory Use
M Minor Use Permit C Conditional Use Permit
-- Not Allowed
Land Use C-O C-G C-R M-1 Specific Use Regulations
Other Uses
Antennas and Wireless Communication
Facilities - Standalone Facility
--
--
--
--
--
--
Architectural Design (D)
overlay zones.
See also Subsection
9104.02.050 (Antennas
and Wireless
Communication Facilities) Places of Religious Assembly -- C C C C -- Tutoring and Educational
Centers may be permitted
as an Accessory Use
under a Conditional Use
Sports Courts (Private)
P
P
P
P
P
P
Must comply with
Subsection 9104.02.330
(Sports Courts in
Residential Zones)
Sports Courts (Private) with Lighting M M M M M M
Recharging Stations A A A A A A
Utility Structures and Service Facilities C C C C C C
11
Assembly/Meeting Facilities, Public
or Private
M M -- M
Donation Box – Outdoor
M
M
--
M
See Subsection
9104.02.120 (Donation Box
– Outdoor)
Drive-Through or Drive-Up Facilities
--
C
--
C
See Subsection
9104.02.130 (Drive-through
and Drive-up Facilities)
Extended Hours Uses
C
C
M
C
See Subsection
9104.02.150 (Extended
Hours Uses)
Places of Religious Assembly M M -- M Tutoring and Educational
Centers may be permitted as
an Accessory Use under a
Conditional Use Permit.
Stable, Public and Private -- -- -- C
Reverse Vending Machines –
Consumer Goods
P P P P Allowed indoors only
Vending Machines P P P P Allowed indoors only
9102.05.020 Land Use Regulations and Allowable Uses in Downtown Zones Amended by Ord. No. 2348 & 2356
Amended by Ord. No. 2369 & 2370 Amended by Ord. No. 2375
A. Allowed Uses. Table 2-10 (Allowed Uses and Permit Requirements for Downtown Zones) indicates the land
use regulations for the Downtown zones and any permits required to establish the use, pursuant to Division 7
(Permit Processing Procedures). The regulations for each zone are established by letter designations as follows:
“P” represents permitted (allowed) uses.
“A” represents accessory uses.
“M” designates uses that require the approval of a Minor Use Permit subject to requirements of Section
9107.09 (Conditional Use Permits and Minor Use Permits) of this Development Code.
“C” designates uses that require the approval of a Conditional Use Permit subject to requirements of Section
9107.09 09 (Conditional Use Permits and Minor Use Permits) of this Development Code.
“UF” designates uses that are permitted on upper floors only, and are not allowed on the ground floor of a structure.
“--” designates uses that are not permitted.
B. Director Determination. Land uses are defined in Division 9 (Definitions). In cases where a specific land use or
activity is not defined, the Director shall assign the land use or activity to a classification substantially similar in
character. Land uses not listed in the table or not found to be substantially similar to the land uses below are prohibited.
C. Specific Use Regulations. Where the last column in Table 2-10 (Allowed Uses and Permit Requirements for
Downtown Zones) includes a Section, Subsection, or Division number, the regulations in the referenced Section,
Subsection, or Division shall apply to the use.
12
Table 2-10 Allowed Uses and Permit Requirements for Downtown Zones
P A
C M
-- (UF)
Permitted by Right
Permitted as an Accessory Use
Conditional Use Permit Minor Use Permit
Not Allowed
Upper Floor Permitted, Not Allowed on Ground Floor
Land Use CBD MU DMU CM Specific Use Regulations
Utility Structures and Service Facilities
P
P
P
P
Subject to Site Plan and Design
Review pursuant to Section 9107.19
(Site Plan and Design Review).
Other Uses
Assembly/Meeting Facilities, Public or Private -- -- -- M
Donation Box – Outdoor -- -- -- M
Extended Hours Use M C M C See Subsection 9104.02.150
(Extended Hours Uses)
Places of Religious Assembly -- -- -- M Tutoring and Educational Centers may
be permitted as an Accessory Use under
a Conditional Use Permit
Drive-Through or Drive-Up Facilities -- -- -- C See Subsection 9104.02.130 (Drive-
through and Drive-up Facilities)
Reverse Vending Machines – Consumer Goods P P P P Allowed indoors only
Vending Machines P P P P Allowed indoors only
Urban Agriculture A A A A
(1) Accessory dwelling units are subject to the development standards in Subsection 9102.01.080.
DATE: October 3, 2023
TO: Honorable Mayor and City Council
FROM: Jason Kruckeberg, Assistant City Manager/Development Services Director
Lisa Flores, Deputy Development Services Director
By: Edwin Arreola, Associate Planner
SUBJECT: ORDINANCE NO. 2397 RELATED TO TEXT AMENDMENT NO. 23-01
AMENDING VARIOUS SECTIONS OF ARTICLE IX, CHAPTER 1
(DEVELOPMENT CODE) OF THE ARCADIA MUNICIPAL CODE
PERTAINING TO ARTIFICIAL TURF IN RESIDENTIAL ZONES AND
ALLOWING TUTORING AND EDUCATIONAL CENTERS IN PLACES OF
RELIGIOUS ASSEMBLY THROUGH A CONDITIONAL USE PERMIT
CEQA: Exempt
Recommendation: Introduce and Approve
SUMMARY
The Development Services Department has initiated a Text Amendment for various
sections of the City’s Development Code, including: 1) An amendment to increase the
allowable area for artificial turf on residentially zoned properties; and 2) Allow tutoring and
educational centers in places of religious assembly through a Conditional Use Permit.
It is recommended that the City Council find that this action is exempt from the California
Environmental Quality Act (CEQA); introduce Ordinance No. 2397 (Attachment No. 1)
and approve Text Amendment No. 23-01.
BACKGROUND
The subject Ordinance contains two sets of text amendments for consideration by the
City Council, with one related to artificial turf and the other pertaining to tutoring and
educational centers in places of religious assembly. Despite being two unrelated issues,
it is common practice to present all proposed text amendments to the Development Code
under the same Ordinance rather than separate processes for each individual issue.
1. Artificial Turf
The first set of text amendments proposed are for an increase in artificial turf area allowed
within the front and street side (corner) yard areas of residentially zoned properties. The
Attachment No. 2
Text Amendment No. 23-01- Ordinance No. 2397
October 3, 2023
Page 2 of 16
City originally created regulations to allow artificial turf in the front and street side yards
of residential properties in 2016. This was as a result of Governor Brown signing AB 1164
into law, which prevented cities from prohibiting the installation of artificial turf, along with
23 other related bills to help with the ongoing drought in 2015. Prior to 2016, artificial turf
was not permitted on residential properties in the City. Persistent drought conditions and
increased requests and community interest in artificial turf has led the City to reconsider
artificial turf limitations as a means of water conservation and/or landscape maintenance.
Many residents felt that the permitted artificial turf amount is too restrictive and not
conducive to saving water as they seek to install larger applications of artificial turf on
their properties.
One of the main issues the City experienced with artificial turf are properties that have
installed turf areas that exceed the permitted amount. There are currently at least eight
properties where artificial turf has been installed within the front yard area that exceed the
permitted amount allowed by the City. One of these properties is located within the Very
High Fire Hazard Severity Zone (VHFHSZ) area where artificial turf is not permitted. There
have been more properties in violation of the artificial turf standards over the years, but
they have since been brought into compliance. Most of the property owners who have
made these installations are unaware of the artificial turf limitations and did not seek
approval from the City. On some occasions, property owners face losing a large
investment into their property by having to remove substantial portions of artificial turf to
be in compliance with the Development Code.
At the March 7, 2023, City Council Meeting, a presentation was made to better illustrate
these issues and to receive direction from the City Council regarding changes to the
allowed artificial turf area. The City Council was presented with the option to keep the
existing policies, allow for an increased use of artificial turf as hardscape, or allow for an
unlimited application of artificial turf. A recommendation was made to increase the
percentage of the allowed artificial turf area while keeping the other hardscape materials
capped at 40 percent (the current limitation). The City Council agreed that an Ordinance
should be considered to increase the artificial turf limit and that information should be
included on what other cities allow as well as any associated maintenance and
environmental issues.
2. Tutoring at Religious Facilities
The second change proposed to the Development Code through this Text Amendment is
to allow tutoring and educational centers in places of religious assembly through a
Conditional Use Permit. In recent years, several places of religious assembly have
contacted the Planning Division asking if they can lease their vacant classrooms to
tutoring businesses. Arcadia has several religious properties throughout the City
containing classrooms and other spaces that are underutilized, especially Monday
through Friday. Places of religious assembly are often uniquely suited to accommodate
tutoring and educational centers due to the complementary operating schedules, large
parking lots, and available classroom space. To make better use of these spaces and
generate income to support the organization, leasing these rooms to businesses such as
Text Amendment No. 23-01- Ordinance No. 2397
October 3, 2023
Page 3 of 16
tutoring and educational centers has been requested. Currently, the Development Code
does not allow tutoring and educational centers to operate at places of religious assembly.
The only accessory uses allowed are day care centers, or schools that are run and
operated by the religious organization itself. This text amendment would allow a third
party to operate a tutoring and educational center at a place of religious assembly through
approval of a Conditional Use Permit. If approved, the text amendment would also allow
an existing, unpermitted tutoring center, TECC at the Arcadia Community Church at 121
Alice Street, to apply for a Conditional Use Permit.
DISCUSSION
Section 9103.09.040 of the Arcadia Development Code sets forth development standards
for landscape requirements throughout the City, including artificial turf. This section is
proposed to be updated to expand the amount of artificial turf permitted in the front and
street side yard setbacks for residential properties. The Development Code is also being
updated to allow for tutoring and educational centers at places of religious assembly in
all zones, subject to a Conditional Use Permit.
1. Artificial Turf
Currently, the allotted amount of artificial turf within the front and street yard areas of
residential properties is regulated by two standards within the Development Code. The
first requires that hardscape materials should not cover more than 40 percent of the front
and street side yard areas. The Development Code categorizes artificial turf as a
hardscape material along with other materials such as pavement, concrete, rocks, or
similar materials. Collectively, all of these materials should not exceed the 40 percent
maximum, and any remaining area within these yard spaces should be naturally
landscaped. In addition to this standard, artificial turf is independently restricted to consist
of no more than 15 percent of the front and street side yard areas. The application of
artificial turf must comply with both standards to be permitted.
Under the proposed amendment, the 15 percent limit on artificial turf within the front and
street yard areas would be removed and solely regulated by the hardscape percentage.
The amount of hardscape would remain at 40 percent if artificial turf is not used but would
expand to a maximum of 60 percent if artificial turf is used. Additionally, any hardscape
over 40 percent may only be artificial turf - refer to Attachment No. 1, Exhibit A for the
entire text amendment. Artificial turf would continue to be prohibited within the public
parkway and all remaining areas that are not hardscaped must be naturally landscaped.
After initially considering a sliding scale that would allow a tiered artificial turf percentage
for the different lot sizes in the City, specifically allowing more artificial turf for smaller lots,
it was determined that a set percentage for all properties would be easier for property
owners to understand and for the City to regulate. To better describe the proposal, a
property maximizing the proposed changes would have at least 40 percent of the front
and/or street yard areas naturally landscaped. At most, 40 percent of the front and corner
yards would be hardscaped with materials that comprise the driveways and walkways.
Text Amendment No. 23-01- Ordinance No. 2397
October 3, 2023
Page 4 of 16
The remaining 20 percent would consist of artificial turf, with the amount potentially
fluctuating between the amount of other hardscape materials. A reasonably sized area of
natural landscaping could be provided, which can be blended with artificial turf and still
provide adequate and functional driveways and walkways.
The increase to the hardscape percentage when artificial turf is proposed was determined
through review and analysis of some common issues with artificial turf in the City.
Particularly, the ability of smaller lots to include a portion of artificial turf, ensuring that
enough landscaped area is being provided to execute a cohesive landscape design within
the street facing yards, and evaluation of existing projects with code cases. Furthermore,
as requested by the City Council, the increase was compared to other cities in the area.
Each of these issues is further discussed below.
Currently, the 15 percent maximum of artificial turf allowed is counted towards the 40
percent maximum hardscape within the front and street yard areas. While allowing some
artificial turf on lots with a width of 75 feet or greater, these limits typically prevent most
smaller lots from including any artificial turf in the front yard, as the driveways and
walkways account for the entire 40 percent maximum hardscape. This is demonstrated
with the yard depicted in Figure 1 below. Allowing artificial turf to comprise of any of the
hardscape area over 40 percent and up to 60 percent would allow these smaller lots to
install at least a portion of artificial turf.
Figure 1 – Narrow Lot that Cannot Apply Any Artificial Turf Under Current Standards
Properties that were in violation of the artificial turf regulations were studied. The two
properties shown below show examples of what properties look like with larger amounts
of artificial turf and what the property owners did to bring those sites into compliance with
the current regulations.
Text Amendment No. 23-01- Ordinance No. 2397
October 3, 2023
Page 5 of 16
Figure 2, Before – With Artificial Turf that Exceeds the Maximum Limit
Figure 2, After – Artificial Turf Was Replaced with Natural Landscaping
The property above in Figure 2, while providing a balance of natural landscaping and
artificial turf type that meets the specifications of the code, was in violation for having over
15 percent of the front yard covered in artificial turf and was required to remove a
significant portion of artificial turf to bring it into compliance.
Text Amendment No. 23-01- Ordinance No. 2397
October 3, 2023
Page 6 of 16
Figure 3, Before – With Artificial Turf that Exceeds Maximum Limit
Figure 3, After – Artificial Turf Replaced with Natural Landscaping
The property above in Figure 3 had a majority of the front yard covered in hardscape
consisting of the driveway, walkway, and artificial turf with very small pockets of natural
landscaping. Since the driveway and walkway areas took up 40 percent of the front yard
on this narrower lot, the artificial turf was removed and replaced with natural turf to comply
with the current regulations.
Figure 4 below shows a comparison of the current and proposed regulations on a 25-foot
front yard setback on a 75-foot wide lot, a typical lot size in the City, with a 16 foot wide
Text Amendment No. 23-01- Ordinance No. 2397
October 3, 2023
Page 7 of 16
driveway (gray), a typical driveway width that leads into a two car garage. The dark green
represents artificial turf, light green represents natural landscaping, the gray represents
driveway, and hatched lines represent the City’s parkway (in some cases it contains a
paved sidewalk). A total of 281 square feet of artificial turf (or 15 percent of the front yard)
is permitted for a front yard of this size under the current regulations. A total of 725 square
feet of artificial turf (or about 38.5 percent of the front yard since the driveway would take
up 21.5 percent of the hardscape area) would be permitted under the proposed
regulations. Any landscaping within the City’s parkway would give the adjacent front yard
a sense of a larger naturally landscaped area. The diagram shows potential for artificial
turf to be used with sizeable areas of natural landscaping that would allow for a
comprehensive yard design and not just a large mass of artificial turf.
Figure 4 - Artificial Turf Under the Current Regulations
Figure 4 - Artificial Turf Under the Proposed Regulations
In consideration of the smaller lots that were hindered by the current regulations, cohesive
applications of artificial turf seen in some of the code cases, and the proposed hardscape
limits that still provide significant portions of natural landscaping, the increase in
Text Amendment No. 23-01- Ordinance No. 2397
October 3, 2023
Page 8 of 16
hardscape to 60 percent when artificial turf is proposed, was determined to be the best
approach as there is no increase to other hardscape materials. This would allow more
leniency in the amount of turf for sites in violation of the code, still require a generous
portion of natural landscaping, and allow the front and street-side yards to remain green
throughout the year.
The proposed increase to the artificial turf area is in line with other cities in the San Gabriel
Valley, some of which have recently updated their regulations to be even more permissive
for artificial turf. Table 1 below shows what other cities allow.
Table 1– Surrounding Cities Artificial Turf Regulations
CITY ARTIFICIAL TURF PERCENTAGE
Alhambra (updated in 2016) &
Monterey Park
No limit; artificial turf counted as landscaping
Temple City (updated in 2023) 43% max artificial turf; minimum 22% live
vegetation required
Duarte (updated in 2016) and
El Monte (updated in 2023)
40% max artificial turf; minimum 20% landscape
required
La Canada Flintridge, Sierra
Madre, and Rosemead
50% max. hardscape (includes artificial turf)
San Marino 45% max. hardscape (includes artificial turf)
South Pasadena 30% max. hardscape (includes artificial turf)
San Gabriel 25% max. artificial turf
Pasadena & Monrovia Requires submittal of landscape plan – These
cities do not have a maximum limit.
Arcadia (current) 15% max. artificial turf; artificial turf counted as
part of 40% max. hardscape
Arcadia (proposed) 60% max. hardscape when using artificial turf;
40% max. hardscape for all other materials
There was a wide range of artificial turf percentages throughout the various cities in the
vicinity. Additionally, each city classifies artificial turf differently with some deeming
artificial turf as landscaping while others deem it a hardscape material. Currently, Arcadia
is one of the more restrictive cities in terms of allowed artificial turf area compared to
neighboring cities. Temple City, El Monte, Duarte, and Alhambra have changed their
artificial turf regulations to be more permissive since 2016. While Alhambra does not have
a limit, the other cities have set a higher maximum amount of artificial turf and a minimum
amount of natural landscaping in the range of 20 to 22 percent in the front and street side
yard areas, which in turn allows for a larger hardscape area. In comparison, while
properties in those cities could reach a hardscape area of up to 80 percent including
artificial turf, Arcadia would have a maximum limit of 60 percent hardscape including
artificial turf. Also, the hardscape area for all other hardscape materials would go
unchanged from the current 40 percent maximum. While Arcadia would surpass the
allowed percentages of some of the other cities on the list, most of those have not updated
Text Amendment No. 23-01- Ordinance No. 2397
October 3, 2023
Page 9 of 16
their artificial turf regulations since the State has updated regulations in response to
severe drought conditions. With the proposed changes, Arcadia would fall towards the
middle among surrounding cities regarding artificial turf allotment.
Similar to Arcadia, many other cities require design review to ensure the landscape plan
is a well thought out. The plan must be prepared by a licensed landscape architect since
it is subject to the Water Efficiency Landscape Ordinance (WELO) and must be approved
by the Planning Division prior to installation or, if the property is located within one of the
five designated Homeowners Association (HOA) areas, it is subject to the Architectural
Review Board (ARB) Chair’s review. This would ensure that front and street side yards
present a cohesive design and meet the intent of the Design Guidelines for landscaping.
Additionally, through this process, Staff may ensure that there are sufficient artificial turf
buffers around protected trees, which may differ on a case-by-case basis.
In addition to the amendments to the hardscape percentage to allow more artificial turf,
another proposed change is where the artificial turf may be placed on the property.
Currently, artificial turf is not allowed to be installed within 10 feet of a sidewalk, or within
20 feet from the curb if there is no sidewalk. This means that properties that have a
landscaped parkway must set any artificial turf eight feet inside the front and/or street-
side property lines (because parkways are typically 12’ in width). The text amendment
would change the City’s regulations to allow artificial turf beginning at one foot inside the
property line. The one-foot setback would ensure the City’s Engineering Division and
Public Works Department have sufficient space to complete any sidewalk or parkway
improvements without damaging the artificial turf. Artificial turf would still not be allowed
within the City’s public right-of-way (or public parkway/sidewalk) to ensure the City has
access to utilities, street trees, and other public infrastructure and would essentially
provide additional naturally landscaped areas in front of the yard areas.
To ensure that the artificial turf is of high quality and durable material, the City’s
regulations on artificial turf material, length, color, durability, installation, and maintenance
would not change under this text amendment. This includes requiring that the turf has:
• A minimum eight-year no-fade warranty
• Material made from specific lead-free products
• A minimum blade height of 1.5 inches
• Is green in color with a tan fiber base layer and soil colored fill
• Is maintained over time
These requirements are verified by the Planning Division along with the submittal of a
landscape plan upon the installation of the artificial turf. Code Services ensures that all
yard areas are in compliance with the Development Code standards, including making
sure all naturally landscaped yards and artificial turf applications are being maintained
over time. Any violation of these regulations would require maintenance or replacement
of the material. Figure 5 below shows the general composition of layers for an artificial
turf application.
Text Amendment No. 23-01- Ordinance No. 2397
October 3, 2023
Page 10 of 16
Figure 5 – Artificial Turf Layer Composition
Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones (VHFHSZ)
A recent change in the law with regard to fire safety also impacts the placement of artificial
turf. State law prohibits installation of any non-State Fire Marshal listed petroleum-based
products, such as artificial turf, within 100 feet of any structures if the property is located
within a VHFHSZ – refer to Attachment No. 2 of the VHFHSZ area and Figure 6 below.
Public Resources Code Section 4291 created the concept of “defensible space” in 1965
as a response to unmitigated wildfires throughout the state. The original defensible space
required only 30 feet of reduction of combustible and flammable materials around the
structure. In 2006, this distance was increased to 100 feet. In 2023, the State added
petroleum materials to the list such as polyethylene, PVC, polypropylene, polystyrene,
polyester, nylon, and acrylic. This is what artificial turf is made from since it is made of
artificial fibers. These products are highly flammable, may release toxic gasses when
ignited, and would hinder firefighting efforts in the event of a wildfire.
Currently, there are no artificial turf manufacturers that produce California State Fire
Marshal listed products for the VHFHSZ. As a result, a regulation is being added to the
Development Code to make it clear to residents that artificial turf is not permitted within a
defensible space area in the VHFHSZ. Restricting petroleum based artificial turf within
the defensible spaces would ensure there are no fire fuels located within the vicinity of a
structure in areas subject to wildfires; however, it would also effectively outlaw artificial
turf in the front, rear, or side yards of many (if not most) homes in the subject area.
Text Amendment No. 23-01- Ordinance No. 2397
October 3, 2023
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Figure 6 – Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone Map
Non-Compliant Properties
With the proposed changes and codifying of the VHFHSZ, two of the eight current non-
compliant properties would become, or be nearly compliant subject to the exact
percentage of hardscape area within the front yard. One of the properties currently
located in the VHFHSZ would have to remove their artificial turf in its entirety. The
remaining properties which contain close to 100 percent hardscape in the front yard,
including artificial turf, would need to remove approximately 40 percent of the hardscape
and remove any artificial turf within the public parkway to meet the new regulations.
Conversely, under the current regulations, these properties would need to remove almost
all of their artificial turf, as their existing pavement takes up a majority of the 40 percent
maximum hardscape.
Text Amendment No. 23-01- Ordinance No. 2397
October 3, 2023
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Advantages of Artificial Turf
Some of the advantages of using artificial turf are that it requires little maintenance,
conserves water, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions and pollutants since it does not
need to be mowed or fertilized. The basic maintenance for artificial turf entails raking to
remove leaves and fluff up the turf blades. It is also ideal for certain areas on properties
that get very little sunlight, always appears green and healthy, looks well-manicured, is
manufactured to be non-toxic and non-allergenic, is typically warrantied to last between
8 to 15 years, is uninhabitable by mosquitos, fleas, and ticks, and allows water/rainwater
to percolate through the turf and into the ground. An artificial turf area that is
approximately 750 square feet can conserve 22,000 gallons of water per year.
Additionally, since the City first established artificial turf regulations in 2016, the quality of
artificial turf has vastly improved to appear realistic and allow more permeability. While it
at times can be costly to install, the expense and various components that go into
installing artificial turf have gotten to a point that it is just as expensive as installing normal
landscaping.
Disadvantages of Artificial Turf
While artificial turf can be considered environmentally friendly in some regards, there are
also disadvantages in using this material. One of the disadvantages of artificial turf is that
it is made of rubber and plastic and can reach much higher temperatures (20 to 50
degrees higher) than the outdoor temperature causing a “heat island” effect. A 90-degree
day can typically create a surface temperature of 140 degrees on artificial turf exposed to
the sun. Heat islands contribute to higher daytime temperatures, reduce nighttime
cooling, and can contribute to higher air-pollution levels. Most artificial turf products are
also flammable. Artificial turf is not biodegradable and typically disposed of in landfills
after replacement. Also, it can trap bacteria from animal droppings. Although artificial turf
does not require the same level of maintenance as natural turf, it does require detailed
spot cleaning including washing and scrubbing if stained with any fluids or debris. Despite
these disadvantages, artificial turf installation has been improved to now provide products
which may reduce the overall heat island effect through the implementation of natural fills
that do not heat as quickly and prevent odor and bacteria from animals. Additionally, the
installation and maintenance regulations in the Development Code are in place to ensure
no additional issues arise with the quality of the artificial turf being used.
While there are pros and cons to installing artificial turf, many residents in the City would
like to install more artificial turf to meet their preferences and needs. Given that the State
has experienced years of drought and that many residents are trying to do the right thing
by conserving water, relaxing the standards to allow more artificial turf would give property
owners the option to be more flexible and creative with their landscape design while still
ensuring that a natural landscape is the prominent streetscape in the community.
Text Amendment No. 23-01- Ordinance No. 2397
October 3, 2023
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2. Allowing Tutoring and Educational Centers as an Accessory Use to Places
of Religious Assembly
Currently, the Development Code does not allow any accessory uses at places of
religious assembly other than day care centers or part-time or full-time schools, which are
incidental to the place of worship. Places of religious assembly are often used only one
or two days per week, on weekends, and contain large spaces suitable for gatherings and
classroom style teaching. Tutoring and educational centers typically operate throughout
the week, after school hours. This means the two uses would be compatible with one
another as they would occupy the same space at different times throughout the week.
Being able to rent the otherwise underutilized space provides opportunities for places of
religious assembly to generate income, allowing for ongoing financial stability. Many
places of religious assembly continue to suffer from reduced attendance after COVID-19
and need ongoing income to maintain their services and buildings. Places of worship also
tend to have large parking lots and queueing areas for cars, which addresses the main
concern of tutoring facilities that can create traffic impacts during drop-off and pick-up
times. The proposed text amendment would allow tutoring and educational centers as an
accessory use at places of religious assembly in all zones, subject to the approval of a
Conditional Use Permit.
Tutoring and educational uses require the approval of a Conditional Use Permit to operate
within other zones throughout the City. A Conditional Use Permit would ensure that such
a business would be suitable for the space it is occupying, that the hours of operation
would not create any issues with the primary use or neighboring properties, that there
would be sufficient parking and drop-off areas on site, and that the tutoring or educational
center would not create any potential impacts. Conditional Use Permits are subject to
public hearings at the Planning Commission under all circumstances.
PLANNING COMMISSION HEARING
The Planning Commission held a public hearing on July 25, 2023, on the proposed text
amendments. There was one public comment in favor of the proposed changes from one
of the affected property owners with non-permitted artificial turf. After much discussion,
the Planning Commission was in favor of increasing the artificial turf area to the proposed
amount within the front and street side yard areas, and believed the site plan and design
review process would ensure a cohesive and detailed landscape design inclusive of
artificial turf. The Planning Commission had no issues with allowing tutoring and
educational centers in places of religious assembly through a Conditional Use Permit and
were unanimously in favor of the amendment (refer to Attachment No. 3 for the Excerpt
of Planning Commission Minutes). Following the discussion, the Planning Commission
voted unanimously to adopt Resolution No. 2129 recommending that the City Council
approve the proposed text amendments.
Text Amendment No. 23-01- Ordinance No. 2397
October 3, 2023
Page 14 of 16
FINDINGS
Pursuant to Section 9108.03.060, an amendment to the Development Code may be
approved only if all of the following findings are made:
1. The proposed Development Code amendment is consistent with the goals,
policies, and objectives of the General Plan and any applicable specific plan(s).
Facts to Support the Finding: The proposed amendments are consistent with the
policies of the General Plan, which serves as a guide to address the long-term
physical development and growth of the City.
The proposed amendment to allow more artificial turf on residentially zoned
properties will ensure that the urban design practices will further reduce water
consumption, pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions and support the needs of
the City residents with the following General Plan goal and policies:
Resource Sustainability Element
• Goal RS-4: Wise and sustainable water use practices that respond to and
support the needs of City residents and businesses.
• Policy RS-4.3: Require that applications for major new development projects
address the adequacy and reliability of water supplies as described in SB 610.
• Policy RS-4.6: Implement aggressive public and private programs to reduce
water use and water waste associated with landscape irrigation, including the
planting of native and drought-tolerant plants, use of efficient irrigation systems,
and collection and recycling of runoff.
The proposed amendment to allow tutoring and educational centers to serve as
accessory uses at places of religious assembly through a Conditional Use Permit
process is consistent with the General Plan because it encourages the City to tailor
its regulations to respond to the market as it changes, maximize revenue, and
maintain appropriate business mix and to provide economic opportunities for the
various uses in the City. Allowing tutoring and educational centers would be an
appropriate mix of uses within a place of religious assembly since many of these
religious facilities already offer this type of service or programs through their ministry
and have the facility to accommodate such use. This proposed amendment is
consistent with the following General Plan goal and policies:
Economic Development Element
• Policy ED-1.9: Tailor regulations to respond to market changes, maximize
revenue, and maintain the appropriate business mix.
Text Amendment No. 23-01- Ordinance No. 2397
October 3, 2023
Page 15 of 16
Land Use Element
• Goal LU-1: A balance of land uses that preserves Arcadia’s status as a
Community of Homes and a community of opportunity.
• Policy LU-1.2: Promote new uses of land that provide diverse economic, social,
and cultural opportunities, and that reinforce the characteristics that make
Arcadia a desirable place to live.
The proposed amendment to the artificial turf regulations is consistent with the City’s
General Plan because it puts measures in place that will promote water conservation
through landscaping. The proposed amendment to allow tutoring and educational
centers in places of religious assembly will help the existing religious organizations
provide other opportunities that are currently compatible with their existing operation.
Therefore, the proposed Text Amendment and ordinance are consistent with the
City’s adopted General Plan and any applicable specific plan(s).
2. The proposed amendment is internally consistent with other applicable
provisions of this Development Code.
Facts to Support the Finding: The proposed amendments are internally consistent
with other applicable provisions of this Development Code in that artificial turf is
currently allowed on residentially zoned property. The amendment would only
increase the percentage to allow more, while also amending the applicable
provisions concerning the installation, specification of the products, and provisions
to ensure that it is a well thought out design. Other provisions regarding landscaping
and hardscape materials will remain the same. As for the amendment to allow
tutoring and educational centers within places of religious assembly, it will also be
internally consistent with provisions of the Development Code because any approval
would be subject to a discretionary review through a Conditional Use Permit to
ensure that all potential impacts are addressed and that the proposed use is
compatible with the existing on-site use, and with the surrounding business and/or
community. Therefore, the Text Amendment is internally consistent with other
applicable provisions of this Development Code.
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
The proposed changes to the Development Code pertaining to artificial turf in residential
zones and tutoring and educational centers in places of religious assembly are exempt
from the requirements of CEQA pursuant to Section 15061(b)(3), as it can be seen with
certainty that the proposed text amendments would not have a significant effect on the
environment and, thus, are not subject to CEQA review. See Attachment No. 4 for the
Preliminary Environmental Assessment.
Text Amendment No. 23-01- Ordinance No. 2397
October 3, 2023
Page 16 of 16
PUBLIC COMMENTS/NOTICE
The public hearing notice for this City Council meeting was published in the Arcadia Weekly
on September 14, 2023. As of September 29, 2023, staff did not receive any additional
concerns or comments from the public. There was one public comment on the proposed
Text Amendments from the Planning Commission Hearing on July 25, 2023, in favor of the
proposed changes from one of the affected property owners with non-permitted artificial
turf.
On June 28, 2023, a letter was sent to all the affected property owners that have non-
permitted artificial turf and to the five City designated Homeowners Association Presidents
and Architectural Review Board Chairs. This letter was sent to inform recipients of the
proposed change, and to date, no comments in opposition to the proposed amendments
have been received.
FISCAL IMPACT
The proposed text amendments would have no significant fiscal impact on the City’s
budget.
RECOMMENDATION
It is recommended that the City Council find that the proposed action is exempt from
CEQA; and Introduce Ordinance No. 2397 to approve Text Amendment No. 23-01
amending various sections of Article IX, Chapter 1 (Development Code) of the Arcadia
Municipal Code to increase the allowable area for artificial turf in residential zones and
allowing tutoring and educational centers in places of religious assembly through a
Conditional Use Permit.
Attachment No. 1: Ordinance No. 2397
Exhibit A – Development Code, Division 2 – Land Use Regulations
and Allowable Uses
Exhibit B – Development Code, Division 3 - Landscaping
Exhibit C – Development Code, Division 9 - Definitions
Attachment No. 2: Map of the Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones
Attachment No. 3: Excerpt of the Planning Commission Minutes, dated July 25, 2023
Attachment No. 4: Planning Commission Resolution No. 2129 and Staff Report, dated
July 25, 2023, including all the attachments
Attachment No. 5: Preliminary Exemption Assessment
DATE: October 17, 2023
TO: Honorable Mayor and City Council
FROM: Jason Kruckeberg, Assistant City Manager/Development Services Director
Lisa Flores, Deputy Development Services Director
Prepared By: Edwin Arreola, Associate Planner
SUBJECT: ORDINANCE NO. 2397 RELATED TO TEXT AMENDMENT NO. 23-01
AMENDING VARIOUS SECTIONS OF ARTICLE IX, CHAPTER 1
(DEVELOPMENT CODE) OF THE ARCADIA MUNICIPAL CODE
PERTAINING TO ARTIFICIAL TURF IN RESIDENTIAL ZONES AND
ALLOWING TUTORING AND EDUCATIONAL CENTERS IN PLACES OF
RELIGIOUS ASSEMBLY THROUGH A CONDITIONAL USE PERMIT
CEQA: Exempt
Recommendation: Adopt
SUMMARY
At its regular meeting on October 3, 2023, the City Council introduced Ordinance No.
2397 to approve Text Amendment No. 23-01 amending various sections of Article IX,
Chapter 1 (Development Code) of the Arcadia Municipal Code to increase the allowable
area for artificial turf in residential zones and allowing tutoring and educational centers in
places of religious assembly through a Conditional Use Permit – refer to Attachment No.
2. The Ordinance was approved by the City Council – refer to Attachment No. 1 for final
draft of the text amendment under Ordinance No. 2397.
It should be noted that Council Member Wang recused herself from the portion of the
discussion regarding tutoring and educational centers, due to her involvement in that
industry in Arcadia. Any vote she takes on this item should only apply to the artificial turf
portion of the proposed Ordinance.
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
The proposed changes to the Development Code pertaining to artificial turf in residential
zones and tutoring and educational centers in places of religious assembly are exempt
from the requirements of the California Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”) pursuant to
Section 15061(b)(3), as it can be seen with certainty that the proposed text amendments
would not have a significant effect on the environment, and thus, are not subject to CEQA
review.
Adoption of Ordinance No. 2397 – TA 23-01
October 17, 2023
Page 2 of 2
RECOMMENDATION
It is recommended that the City Council find that the proposed action is exempt from
CEQA; and adopt Ordinance No. 2397 related to Text Amendment No. 23-01 amending
various sections of Article IX, Chapter 1 (Development Code) of the Arcadia Municipal
Code pertaining to artificial turf in residential zones and allowing tutoring and educational
centers in places of religious assembly through a Conditional Use Permit with a
Categorical Exemption under the California Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”).
Attachment No. 1: Ordinance No. 2397 with Exhibits
Attachment No. 2: City Council Staff Report (with no attachments), dated October 3, 2023
From: Laurie Thompson <laurie229@gmail.com>
Date: October 17, 2023 at 1:07:23 AM PDT
To: April Verlato <averlato@arcadiaca.gov>
Subject: Ar�ficial Turf
CAUTION: This email originated from outside your organiza�on. Exercise cau�on when opening
atachments or clicking links, especially from unknown senders.
Dear Mayor Verlato,
I am sending this email too urge the pulling from the consent calendar the item regarding ar�ficial turf.
The support for this expansion of the use o of such turf is well inten�oned but research reveals the
unintended consequence is great harm to our environment.
Being made of plas�c and crumbled �res it creates heat islands. The temperature around homes with
this green carpet can be 20-50% higher causing the home to sit in a soup of hot air that rises to
contribute to the greenhouse effect. That is approximately the temperature of a hot asphault street.
This heat also spreads to surrounding neighbors whether they like it or not. Manufacturers recommend
cooling the heated plas�c carpet with water.
Over �me th used of ar�ficial turf compacts the soil which deprives plants and tree roots of the oxygen
needed to thrive.
Such compacted soil is devoid of the natural organisms needed for a healthy plant and tree
ecology. Placing ar�ficial turk over or near the dripplines of trees will kill the tree. How does th city
plan to enforce the protec�on of trees? Who determines the extent of the drip lines? Compacted soil
cannot easily be recons�tuted and must be dug out and replaced. Compacted soil is not permeable.
Ar�ficial turk must eventually be replaced causing millions and millions of square feet of toxic plas�c
and crumbled �res to be dumped into already stressed landfills.
Ar�ficial turk is not trouble free. It needs to be raked to fluff up the coated blades and cleared regularly
of debris and animal droppings. How can acceptable care be regulated and enforced? Code services are
stretched too thin already.
Attachment No. 3
Ar�ficial turf is really a very expensive plas�c rug and is not environmentally friendly.
The points made here are only the �p of the iceberg.
We need to be wiser when it comes to protec�ng our environment.
Please reconsider this item and base any future decisions on scien�fic data.
Laurie Thompson
ARB Chair
Santa Anita Village.
October 17, 2023
To: Arcadia City Council
Subject Agenda Item 10 b. Ordinance No. 2397
The Architectural Review Boards (ARB) for the Lower Rancho and Village ask that you reconsider your
recent approval of language changes to the Development Code regarding artificial lawn. Although the
5% increase in artificial lawn doesn’t sound like much, the language change will exempt artificial lawns
from the 40% restriction for front yard hardscape. Devoting 60% of a front yard to either hardscape or
artificial lawn will alter the visual impact of our existing neighborhoods. For large lots this is a significant
area. If this language change is needed so that smaller lots can install artificial lawns, then why not limit
the language change to only smaller lots.
If water conservation is your objection, there are many water conservation techniques already available
that are far more sustainable than artificial lawn including low water use plants, grouping similar water
use plants, smart irrigation heads, controllers and drip systems. The City Water Efficient Landscaping
Ordinance (WELO) is a step in the right direction. Of course planting more shade trees can both save
water and beautify our City.
Whatever water savings artificial lawn provides will be offset by some significant negatives. For one, it is
not a very sustainable product. It is petroleum based and can catch fire. It has the potential of
increasing ambient temperatures. One study suggests a surface temperature similar to a black asphalt
street. A significant amount of energy is used to produce it as well as dispose of it. The useful life is 15
to 20 years, but I suspect that its visual appeal will diminish well before then. How will the City make
sure that old and unsightly artificial lawns are replaced? Code enforcement already has a full plate.
Lastly, there doesn’t seem to be any urgency for the City Council to be taking action at this time. We
just experienced a wetter than normal year and may be in store for an El Nino bringing more rain next
year. The City of San Marino is taking a far different approach to artificial lawn. The City Council in
September approved an urgency ordinance that established a temporary moratorium prohibiting
residents from installing artificial grass. How is it that two cities, so close to one another are taking such
a different approach?
Thank you for considering this request.
Greg Medeiros
Chair, Lower Rancho ARB